Percentage Insula Ribbon Infarction of >50% Identifies Patients Likely to Have Poor Clinical Outcome Despite Small DWI Infarct Volume

References

1. 1.↵
   2. Souza LC,
   3. Yoo AJ,
   4. Chaudhry ZA, et al

   . Malignant CTA collateral profile is highly specific for large admission DWI infarct core and poor outcome in acute stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012;33:1331–36

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
2. 2.↵
   2. Yoo AJ,
   3. Barak ER,
   4. Copen WA, et al

   . Combining acute diffusion-weighted imaging and mean transmit time lesion volumes with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score improves the prediction of acute stroke outcome. Stroke 2010;41:1728–35

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
3. 3.↵
   2. Yoo AJ,
   3. Verduzco LA,
   4. Schaefer PW, et al

   . MRI-based selection for intra-arterial stroke therapy: value of pretreatment diffusion-weighted imaging lesion volume in selecting patients with acute stroke who will benefit from early recanalization. Stroke 2009;40:2046–54

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
4. 4.↵
   2. Parsons MW,
   3. Christensen S,
   4. McElduff P, et al

   . Pretreatment diffusion- and perfusion-MR lesion volumes have a crucial influence on clinical response to stroke thrombolysis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2010;30:1214–25

   CrossRefPubMed
5. 5.↵
   2. Ay H,
   3. Arsava EM,
   4. Koroshetz WJ, et al

   . Middle cerebral artery infarcts encompassing the insula are more prone to growth. Stroke 2008;39:373–78

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
6. 6.↵
   2. Fink JN,
   3. Selim MH,
   4. Kumar S, et al

   . Insular cortex infarction in acute middle cerebral artery territory stroke: predictor of stroke severity and vascular lesion. Arch Neurol 2005;62:1081–85

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
7. 7.↵
   2. Kamalian S,
   3. Kemmling A,
   4. Borgie RC, et al

   . Admission insular infarction >25% is the strongest predictor of large mismatch loss in proximal middle cerebral artery stroke. Stroke 2013;44:3084–89

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
8. 8.↵
   2. Augustine JR

   . Circuitry and functional aspects of the insular lobe in primates including humans. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 1996;22:229–44

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
9. 9.↵
   2. Torres-Mozqueda F,
   3. He J,
   4. Yeh IB, et al

   . An acute ischemic stroke classification instrument that includes CT or MR angiography: the Boston Acute Stroke Imaging Scale. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29:1111–17

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
10. 10.↵
    2. Christensen H,
    3. Boysen G,
    4. Christensen AF, et al

    . Insular lesions, ECG abnormalities, and outcome in acute stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005;76:269–71

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
11. 11.↵
    2. Laowattana S,
    3. Zeger SL,
    4. Lima JA, et al

    . Left insular stroke is associated with adverse cardiac outcome. Neurology 2006;66:477–83, discussion 483

    CrossRef
12. 12.↵
    2. Truwit CL,
    3. Barkovich AJ,
    4. Gean-Marton A, et al

    . Loss of the insular ribbon: another early CT sign of acute middle cerebral artery infarction. Radiology 1990;176:801–06

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
13. 13.↵
    2. Moulin T,
    3. Cattin F,
    4. Crepin-Leblond T, et al

    . Early CT signs in acute middle cerebral artery infarction: predictive value for subsequent infarct locations and outcome. Neurology 1996;47:366–75

    CrossRef
14. 14.↵
    2. Payabvash S,
    3. Souza LC,
    4. Wang Y, et al

    . Regional ischemic vulnerability of the brain to hypoperfusion: the need for location specific computed tomography perfusion thresholds in acute stroke patients. Stroke 2011;42:1255–60

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
15. 15.↵
    2. Türe U,
    3. Yasargil MG,
    4. Al-Mefty O, et al

    . Arteries of the insula. J Neurosurg 2000;92:676–87

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
16. 16.↵
    2. Sander D,
    3. Winbeck K,
    4. Klingelhofer J, et al

    . Prognostic relevance of pathological sympathetic activation after acute thromboembolic stroke. Neurology 2001;57:833–38

    CrossRef
17. 17.↵
    2. Bruno A,
    3. Biller J,
    4. Adams HP Jr., et al

    . Acute blood glucose level and outcome from ischemic stroke: Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) Investigators. Neurology 1999;52:280–84

    CrossRef
18. 18.↵
    2. Kemmling A,
    3. Lev MH,
    4. Payabvash S, et al

    . Hospital acquired pneumonia is linked to right hemispheric peri-insular stroke. PLoS One 2013;8:e71141

    CrossRefPubMed
19. 19.↵
    2. Naidich TP,
    3. Kang E,
    4. Fatterpekar GM, et al

    . The insula: anatomic study and MR imaging display at 1.5 T. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2004;25:222–32

    Abstract/FREE Full Text