Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
TBSS analysis of fractional anisotropy maps. Areas in red are brain regions where FA is significantly reduced (P < .05, corrected by multiple comparison) in HIV-positive subjects relative to HIV-negative controls. The results are shown overlaid on the Montreal Neurological Institute 152-T1 template and the mean FA skeleton (green). The left side of the image corresponds to the right hemisphere of the brain. FA changes occur in the region with Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates in the z-direction between z = 6 and z = 63.
- Fig 2.
Correlation results between FA alterations and clinical measures in the HIV-positive subjects. A, FA values in the right frontal WM (rFWM) are negatively correlated with the duration of HAART (r = −0.634, P = .011). B, FA values in the left frontal WM (lFWM) are negatively correlated with the duration of HAART (r = −0.623, P = .013). C, FA values in the rFWM are positively correlated with the age at onset of HAART (r = 0.615, P = .015). D, FA values in the lFWM are positively correlated with the age at onset of HAART (r = 0.553, P = .032).
Tables
HIV(+) HIV(−) P Value Age (yr) 15.3 ± 1.3 15.0 ± 1.6 .54 Sex (male/female) 8:7 13:13 .84 Education level (yr) 7.5 ± 1.2 8.7 ± 1.9 .05 Current CD4 (cells/mL) 605.8 ± 345.0 NA NA Age at first HIV treatment (yr) 9.5 ± 3.4 NA NA HIV treatment duration (mo) 68.3 ± 39.5 NA NA % Treated at younger than 2 yr 13.3 (n = 2) NA NA Plasma viral load (copies/mL) 0–50 NA NA MoCA total score 25.7 ± 3.8 27.1 ± 3.1 .21 MMSE total score 25.8 ± 2.1 27.3 ± 2.4 .05 Note:—NA indicates not applicable or available; MoCa, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.
- Table 2:
Neuroanatomic regions with decreased FA in HIV-positive subjects relative to HIV-negative controlsa
Anatomic Region Hemisphere MNI Coordinates (mm) Cluster Size (mm3) X Y Z Genu of corpus callosum Bilateral −13 20 24 530 Body of corpus callosum Bilateral −11 16 24 2228 Splenium Bilateral −11 −35 24 564 Superior corona radiata Left −20 −25 39 497 Superior corona radiata Right 20 −24 37 386 Posterior corona radiata Left −21 −28 34 262 Posterior corona radiata Right 25 −27 33 249 Frontal WM Left −18 5 43 164 Frontal WM Right 17 19 44 399 Pre-/postcentral gyrus WM Left −21 −25 42 269 Pre-/postcentral gyrus WM Right 21 −24 42 524 Parietal WM Left −22 −31 40 149 Parietal WM Right 17 −54 28 437 SLF Left −30 −17 34 85 Note:—MNI indicates Montreal Neurological Institute; SLF, superior longitudinal fasciculus.
↵a P < .05, threshold-free cluster enhancement multiple comparison–corrected. Coordinates for the peak voxels are displayed.
Anatomic Region Hemisphere AD (×10−3mm2/s) (Mean) RD (×10−3mm2/s) (Mean) MD (×10−3mm2/s) (Mean) HIV− HIV+ P Value HIV− HIV+ P Value HIV− HIV+ P Value Genu of corpus callosum Bilateral 1.62 ± 0.08 1.58 ± 0.08 .16 0.36 ± 0.03 0.40 ± 0.06 .004 0.78 ± 0.03 0.79 ± 0.05 .22 Body of corpus callosum Bilateral 1.78 ± 0.06 1.78 ± 0.06 .99 0.41 ± 0.05 0.49 ± 0.07 .0003a 0.87 ± 0.04 0.92 ± 0.05 .002a Splenium Bilateral 1.66 ± 0.06 1.67 ± 0.05 .41 0.33 ± 0.03 0.37 ± 0.04 .0003a 0.77 ± 0.02 0.80 ± 0.03 .001a Superior corona radiata Left 1.21 ± 0.04 1.20 ± 0.03 .33 0.53 ± 0.02 0.56 ± 0.04 .0003a 0.76 ± 0.02 0.78 ± 0.03 .01 Superior corona radiata Right 1.26 ± 0.05 1.26 ± 0.04 .78 0.49 ± 0.02 0.53 ± 0.03 .00009a 0.74 ± 0.02 0.77 ± 0.02 .001a Posterior corona radiata Left 1.23 ± 0.06 1.23 ± 0.03 .81 0.59 ± 0.03 0.62 ± 0.03 .002a 0.80 ± 0.03 0.82 ± 0.02 .02 Posterior corona radiata Right 1.26 ± 0.04 1.25 ± 0.03 .32 0.57 ± 0.03 0.61 ± 0.04 .002a 0.80 ± 0.03 0.82 ± 0.04 .05 Frontal WM Left 1.35 ± 0.07 1.32 ± 0.05 .22 0.44 ± 0.03 0.48 ± 0.04 .001a 0.74 ± 0.03 0.76 ± 0.03 .09 Frontal WM Right 1.37 ± 0.06 1.32 ± 0.07 .02 0.40 ± 0.03 0.48 ± 0.03 .0003a 0.72 ± 0.03 0.73 ± 0.03 .21 Pre-/postcentral gyrus WM Left 1.32 ± 0.06 1.29 ± 0.06 .14 0.47 ± 0.03 0.50 ± 0.03 .0007a 0.75 ± 0.02 0.76 ± 0.02 .06 Pre-/postcentral gyrus WM Right 1.30 ± 0.04 1.27 ± 0.04 .01 0.44 ± 0.02 0.48 ± 0.03 .00009a 0.73 ± 0.02 0.74 ± 0.02 .08 Parietal WM Left 1.31 ± 0.05 1.31 ± 0.05 .94 0.57 ± 0.04 0.61 ± 0.03 .001a 0.82 ± 0.03 0.84 ± 0.03 .02 Parietal WM Right 1.29 ± 0.06 1.27 ± 0.04 .28 0.58 ± 0.03 0.62 ± 0.05 .002a 0.81 ± 0.03 0.84 ± 0.04 .07 SLF Left 1.11 ± 0.04 1.09 ± 0.03 .13 0.54 ± 0.03 0.57 ± 0.04 .004 0.73 ± 0.02 0.75 ± 0.03 .05 Note:—HIV- indicates HIV-negative controls; HIV+, HIV-positive subjects.
↵a P < .05/14 ≈ .0035 (Bonferroni-corrected for multiple comparisons).
