Intravenous Infusion of Nitroglycerine Leads to Increased Permeability on Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging in Pig Brains

J. Carl; D.A. Tideman; S. Ravn; K. Lund; S.O. Magnisdottir; B. Kjærgaard

doi:10.3174/ajnr.A4279

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Fig 1.
Example of the 5 ROIs (green circles) for reading mean K^trans in each of the 3 different T1 turbo field echo scan planes of a pig brain. Panels from left to right are the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes.
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Fig 2.
Left panel: axial and sagittal views of pig brain T1 turbo field echo scan. Middle panel: corresponding parametric K^trans maps determined from a DCE-MR image of the same pig brain. Right panel: corresponding axial and sagittal views and similar parametric K^trans maps determined from a DCE scan of the same pig brain after continuous infusion of nitroglycerine.
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Fig 3.
Plot of log(K^trans) from 7 different pigs (ear tag). The plot represents the mean values (filled circles) and the 95% confidence interval of the mean (error bars) for each animal. Means and SDs were determined by using a MANOVA analysis on 15 evenly distributed ROIs in the K^trans volume map in the brain of each pig. The plot represents data from 2 different DCE-MR images obtained subsequently on the same day in each animal. K^trans values determined in the 2 subsequent DCE-MR images, the first scan (dark blue solid line) and the second scan (light blue dotted line).
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Fig 4.
Plot of log(K^trans) from 8 different pigs (ear tag). The plot represents mean values (filled circles) and the 95% confidence interval of the mean (error bars) of each animal. Means and SDs were determined by using a MANOVA analysis of 15 evenly distributed ROIs in the K^trans volume map in the brain of each pig. The plot represents data from 2 different DCE-MR images obtained subsequently on the same day in each animal. K^trans values are from the first DCE-MR image (dark blue solid line) and the second DCE-MR image after infusion of nitroglycerine (red solid line).

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Table 1:

Mean and standard error of the mean versus animal ear tag from the MANOVA analysis performed on log(K^trans) and plotted in Fig 4^{^a}

Animal Ear Tag	Mean (−NTG)	SE (−NTG)	Mean (+NTG)	SE (+NTG)
3857	−1.00	0.26	−0.06	0.25
3864	−1.10	0.28	−0.78	0.26
3866	−0.42	0.25	0.45	0.23
3868	−0.65	0.25	0.53	0.24
3873	−0.12	0.22	0.59	0.21
3881	−0.83	0.32	−0.80	0.30
3884	−0.78	0.24	−0.41	0.23
3893	−0.55	0.25	0.50	0.24

Note:—SE indicates standard error.
↵a The error bars in Fig 4 indicate the 95% confidence interval of the mean.

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Table 2:

The P values in the last column show results the from paired t test analysis on log(K^trans) in pig brains estimated from DCE-MR^{^a}

Animal Ear Tag	−NTG	+NTG	Paired t Test
Animal Ear Tag	K^trans (95% CI) (min⁻¹)	K^trans (95% CI) (min⁻¹)	log(K^trans)
3857	0.4 (0.2–0.9)	1.0 (0.4–2.3)	P = .0003^{^b}
3864	0.4 (0.2–0.9)	0.5 (0.2–1.3)	P = .25
3866	0.7 (0.3–1.8)	1.7 (0.9–3.1)	P = .002^{^b}
3868	0.6 (0.2–1.5)	1.8 (1.1–2.8)	P = .02^{^b}
3873	0.8 (0.4–1.7)	1.7 (0.9–3.0)	P = .003^{^b}
3881	0.7 (0.3–1.7)	0.7 (0.2–1.7)	P = .72
3884	0.5 (0.2–1.1)	0.6 (0.3–1.4)	P = .02^{^b}
3893	0.6 (0.3–1.3)	1.8 (1.0–3.3)	P = .002^{^b}

↵a The t test demonstrated significantly higher values after intravenous infusion of nitroglycerine in 6 of 8 animals. The columns −NTG and +NTG represent back-transformed values with and without nitroglycerine, respectively.
↵b Significant.