Cerebral Microbleeds, CSF p-Tau, and Cognitive Decline: Significance of Anatomic Distribution

References

1. 1.↵
   2. Poels MM,
   3. Vernooij MW,
   4. Ikram MA, et al

   . Prevalence and risk factors of cerebral microbleeds: an update of the Rotterdam Scan Study. Stroke 2010;41:S103–06 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.595181 pmid:20876479

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
2. 2.↵
   2. Cordonnier C,
   3. Al-Shahi Salman R,
   4. Wardlaw J

   . Spontaneous brain microbleeds: systematic review, subgroup analyses and standards for study design and reporting. Brain 2007;130:1988–2003 doi:10.1093/brain/awl387 pmid:17322562

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
3. 3.↵
   2. Goos JD,
   3. Kester MI,
   4. Barkhof F, et al

   . Patients with Alzheimer disease with multiple microbleeds: relation with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and cognition. Stroke 2009;40:3455–60 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.558197 pmid:19762705

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
4. 4.↵
   2. Wardlaw JM,
   3. Lewis SC,
   4. Keir SL, et al

   . Cerebral microbleeds are associated with lacunar stroke defined clinically and radiologically, independently of white matter lesions. Stroke 2006;37:2633–36 doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000240513.00579.bf pmid:16946155

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
5. 5.↵
   2. Yates PA,
   3. Villemagne VL,
   4. Ellis KA, et al

   . Cerebral microbleeds: a review of clinical, genetic, and neuroimaging associations. Front Neurol 2014;4:205 doi:10.3389/fneur.2013.00205 pmid:24432010

   CrossRefPubMed
6. 6.↵
   2. Kantarci K,
   3. Gunter JL,
   4. Tosakulwong N, et al

   ; Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Focal hemosiderin deposits and β-amyloid load in the ADNI cohort. Alzheimers Dement 2013;9:S116–23 doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2012.10.011 pmid:23375568

   CrossRefPubMed
7. 7.↵
   2. Park JH,
   3. Seo SW,
   4. Kim C, et al

   . Pathogenesis of cerebral microbleeds: in vivo imaging of amyloid and subcortical ischemic small vessel disease in 226 individuals with cognitive impairment. Ann Neurol 2013;73:584–93 doi:10.1002/ana.23845 pmid:23495089

   CrossRefPubMed
8. 8.↵
   2. Fazekas F,
   3. Kleinert R,
   4. Roob G, et al

   . Histopathologic analysis of foci of signal loss on gradient-echo T2*-weighted MR images in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: evidence of microangiopathy-related microbleeds. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999;20:637–42 pmid:10319975

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
9. 9.↵
   2. Schrag M,
   3. McAuley G,
   4. Pomakian J, et al

   . Correlation of hypointensities in susceptibility-weighted images to tissue histology in dementia patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy: a postmortem MRI study. Acta Neuropathol 2010;119:291–302 doi:10.1007/s00401-009-0615-z pmid:19937043

   CrossRefPubMed
10. 10.↵
    2. Jack CR Jr.,
    3. Knopman DS,
    4. Jagust WJ, et al

    . Tracking pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer's disease: an updated hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers. Lancet Neurol 2013;12:207–16 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70291-0 pmid:23332364

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
11. 11.↵
    2. Petersen RC,
    3. Aisen PS,
    4. Beckett LA, et al

    . Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI): clinical characterization. Neurology 2010;74:201–09 doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181cb3e25 pmid:20042704

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
12. 12.↵
    2. Mueller SG,
    3. Weiner MW,
    4. Thal LJ, et al

    . Ways toward an early diagnosis in Alzheimer's disease: the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Alzheimers Dement 2005;1:55–66 doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2005.06.003 pmid:17476317

    CrossRefPubMed
13. 13.↵
    2. Rosen WG,
    3. Terry RD,
    4. Fuld PA, et al

    . Pathological verification of ischemic score in differentiation of dementias. Ann Neurol 1980;7:486–88 doi:10.1002/ana.410070516 pmid:7396427

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
14. 14.↵
    2. Rosen WG,
    3. Mohs RC,
    4. Davis KL

    . A new rating scale for Alzheimer's disease. Am J Psychiatry 1984;141:1356–64 doi:10.1176/ajp.141.11.1356 pmid:6496779

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
15. 15.↵
    2. Gunter JL,
    3. Bernstein MA,
    4. Borowski BJ, et al

    . Measurement of MRI scanner performance with the ADNI phantom. Med Phys 2009;36:2193–205 doi:10.1118/1.3116776 pmid:19610308

    CrossRefPubMed
16. 16.↵
    2. Shaw LM

    . PENN biomarker core of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Neurosignals 2008;16:19–23 doi:10.1159/000109755 pmid:18097156

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
17. 17.↵
    2. Hansson O,
    3. Zetterberg H,
    4. Buchhave P, et al

    . Association between CSF biomarkers and incipient Alzheimer's disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a follow-up study. Lancet Neurol 2006;5:228–34 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70355-6 pmid:16488378

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
18. 18.↵
    2. Mitchell A,
    3. Brindle N

    . CSF phosphorylated tau—does it constitute an accurate biological test for Alzheimer's disease? Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2003;18:407–11 doi:10.1002/gps.845 pmid:12766916

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
19. 19.↵
    2. Shaw LM,
    3. Vanderstichele H,
    4. Knapik-Czajka M, et al

    . Cerebrospinal fluid biomarker signature in Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative subjects. Ann Neurol 2009;65:403–13 doi:10.1002/ana.21610 pmid:19296504

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
20. 20.↵
    2. Yates PA,
    3. Sirisriro R,
    4. Villemagne VL, et al

    ; AIBL Research Group. Cerebral microhemorrhage and brain β-amyloid in aging and Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2011;77:48–54 doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e318221ad36 pmid:21700585

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
21. 21.↵
    2. Kester MI,
    3. Goos JD,
    4. Teunissen CE, et al

    . Associations between cerebral small-vessel disease and Alzheimer disease pathology as measured by cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. JAMA Neurol 2014;71:855–62 doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.754 pmid:24818585

    CrossRefPubMed
22. 22.↵
    2. Kalaria RN,
    3. Ballard C

    . Overlap between pathology of Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1999;13:S115–23 doi:10.1097/00002093-199912003-00017 pmid:10609690

    CrossRefPubMed
23. 23.↵
    2. Vernooij MW,
    3. van der Lugt A,
    4. Ikram MA

    . Prevalence and risk factors of cerebral microbleeds: the Rotterdam Scan Study. Neurology 2008;70:1208–14 doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000307750.41970.d9 pmid:18378884

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
24. 24.↵
    2. Williams S,
    3. Chalmers K,
    4. Wilcock GK, et al

    . Relationship of neurofibrillary pathology to cerebral amyloid angiopathy in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2005;31:414–21 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2005.00663.x pmid:16008825

    CrossRefPubMed
25. 25.↵
    2. Rosidi NL,
    3. Zhou J,
    4. Pattanaik S, et al

    . Cortical microhemorrhages cause local inflammation but do not trigger widespread dendrite degeneration. PLoS One 2011;6:e26612 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026612 pmid:22028924

    CrossRefPubMed
26. 26.↵
    2. Takashima Y,
    3. Mori T,
    4. Hashimoto M, et al

    . Clinical correlating factors and cognitive function in community-dwelling healthy subjects with cerebral microbleeds. J Stroke Cerebrovasc 2011;20:105–10 doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2009.11.007 pmid:20580259

    CrossRefPubMed
27. 27.↵
    2. Kirsch W,
    3. McAuley G,
    4. Holshouser B, et al

    . Serial susceptibility weighted MRI measures brain iron and microbleeds in dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2009;17:599–609 doi:10.3233/JAD-2009-1073 pmid:19433895

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
28. 28.↵
    2. Poels MM,
    3. Ikram MA,
    4. van der Lugt A, et al

    . Cerebral microbleeds are associated with worse cognitive function: the Rotterdam Scan Study. Neurology 2012;78:326–33 doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182452928 pmid:22262748

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
29. 29.↵
    2. Qiu C,
    3. Cotch MF,
    4. Sigurdsson S, et al

    . Cerebral microbleeds, retinopathy, and dementia: the AGES-Reykjavik Study. Neurology 2010;75:2221–28 doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182020349 pmid:21172845

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
30. 30.↵
    2. Werring DJ,
    3. Frazer DW,
    4. Coward LJ, et al

    . Cognitive dysfunction in patients with cerebral microbleeds on T2*-weighted gradient-echo MRI. Brain 2004;127:2265–75 doi:10.1093/brain/awh253 pmid:15282216

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
31. 31.↵
    2. Patel B,
    3. Lawrence AJ,
    4. Chung AW, et al

    . Cerebral microbleeds and cognition in patients with symptomatic small vessel disease. Stroke 2013;44:356–61 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.670216 pmid:23321452

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
32. 32.↵
    2. Gregoire SM,
    3. Scheffler G,
    4. Jäger HR, et al

    . Strictly lobar microbleeds are associated with executive impairment in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Stroke 2013;44:1267–72 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.000245 pmid:23482601

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
33. 33.↵
    2. Tang WK,
    3. Chen YK,
    4. Lu JY, et al

    . Absence of cerebral microbleeds predicts reversion of vascular “cognitive impairment no dementia” in stroke. Int J Stroke 2011;6:498–505 doi:10.1111/j.1747-4949.2011.00682.x pmid:22111793

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
34. 34.↵
    2. Pettersen JA,
    3. Sathiyamoorthy G,
    4. Gao FQ, et al

    . Microbleed topography, leukoaraiosis, and cognition in probable Alzheimer disease from the Sunnybrook dementia study. Arch Neurol 2008;65:790–95 doi:10.1001/archneur.65.6.790 pmid:18541799

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
35. 35.↵
    2. Nakata Y,
    3. Shiga K,
    4. Yoshikawa K, et al

    . Subclinical brain hemorrhages in Alzheimer's disease: evaluation by magnetic resonance T2*-weighted images. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002;977:169–72 doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04813.x pmid:12480748

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
36. 36.↵
    2. van der Vlies AE,
    3. Goos JD,
    4. Barkhof F, et al

    . Microbleeds do not affect rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2012;79:763–69 doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182661f91 pmid:22875093

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
37. 37.↵
    2. Haller S,
    3. Bartsch A,
    4. Nguyen D, et al

    . Cerebral microhemorrhage and iron deposition in mild cognitive impairment: susceptibility-weighted MR imaging assessment. Radiology 2010;257:764–73 doi:10.1148/radiol.10100612 pmid:20923870

    CrossRefPubMed
38. 38.↵
    2. Ayaz M,
    3. Boikov AS,
    4. Haacke EM, et al

    . Imaging cerebral microbleeds using susceptibility weighted imaging: one step toward detecting vascular dementia. J Magn Reson Imaging 2010;31:142–48 doi:10.1002/jmri.22001 pmid:20027582

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
39. 39.↵
    2. Miwa K,
    3. Tanaka M,
    4. Okazaki S, et al

    . Multiple or mixed cerebral microbleeds and dementia in patients with vascular risk factors. Neurology 2014;83:646–53 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000000692 pmid:25015364

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
40. 40.↵
    2. Arvanitakis Z,
    3. Leurgans SE,
    4. Wang Z, et al

    . Cerebral amyloid angiopathy pathology and cognitive domains in older persons. Ann Neurol 2011;69:320–27 doi:10.1002/ana.22112 pmid:21387377

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science