Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure.
Cerebral microbleeds. Axial SWI of 2 subjects. A, Lobar CMB. Right inferior frontal CMB (arrow) close to the corticomedullary junction. B, Right thalamic CMB (arrow).
Tables
sCON (n = 152) dCON (n = 176) MCI (n = 72) P Value Females (%) 93 (61.2) 111 (63.1) 25 (34.7) <.001 Age (M, SD) 73.8 (3.9) 74.5 (4.1) 74 (6.2) .372 Educationa .070 <9 (%) 24 (15.8) 31 (17.6) 8 (11.1) 9–12 (%) 62 (40.8) 93 (52.8) 37 (51.4) >12 (%) 66 (43.4) 52 (29.6) 27 (37.5) Note:—M indicates mean.
↵a Education in years of schooling.
sCON (n = 152) dCON (n = 176) P Value M SD M SD MMSE 28.6 1.2 28.4 1.5 .439 IADL 8.3 0.82 8.3 1.1 .933 HADS total 5.7 3.5 6.2 3.9 1.000 Anxiety 4.3 2.6 4.5 2.7 1.000 Depression 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.9 .248 Digit Span Forward 5.6 1.1 5.8 0.96 .386 Visual Memory Span Forward (Corsi) 5.1 0.97 5.1 0.89 .876 RI-48 Cued Recall Test Delayed cued recall 27.3 5.0 26.8 5.1 1.000 Shapes test Total score (3 immediate recalls) 33.9 3.2 32.7 4.3 .004a Delayed recall 11.7 0.74 11.4 1.3 .024a Boston Naming Test 19.3 1.0 19.2 1.2 .680 Digit Symbol Coding 56.1 11.8 50.8 11.0 <.001a Trail-Making Test A Time (s) 42.1 16.0 42.0 11.4 1.000 Error 0.05 0.25 0.07 0.31 1.000 Trail-Making Test B Time (s) 98.7 41.9 105.7 43.0 .667 Error 0.51 0.73 0.48 0.75 1.000 Verbal Fluency 22.0 5.6 22.5 6.5 1.000 Wisconsin Card Sorting Test No. of categories completed 4.6 2.1 4.3 2.2 .223 Praxis Constructional 10.9 0.48 10.7 0.77 .032 Ideomotor transitive 9.4 0.81 9.1 1.2 .008a Ideomotor intransitive 19.5 1.1 19.5 1.0 .686 Reflexive 7.0 0.98 6.9 1.1 .665 Visual gnosis (Ghent Overlapping Figures) 5.0 0.08 5.0 0.08 .917 Note:—IADL indicates Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; M, mean.
↵a Significant.
Microbleeds sCON (n = 152) dCON (n = 176) MCI (n = 72) No. % No. % No. % 0 114 75.0 128 72.7 49 68.1 1 25 (25) 16.5 30 (30) 17.1 21 (21) 29.2 2 9 (18) 5.9 12 (24) 6.8 2 (4) 2.8 3 3 (9) 2.0 6 (18) 3.4 0 (0) 0.00 4 1 (4) 0.66 0 (0) 0.00 0 (0) 0.00 Totalb 152 (56) 100 176 (72) 100 72 (25) 100 Microbleed sCON (n = 152) dCON (n = 176) MCI (n = 72) No. % No. % No. % Location None 114 75.0 128 72.7 49 68.1 Lobar 31 20.4 34 19.3 18 25.0 Deep 7 4.6 14 8.0 5 6.9 Lobes Frontal 17 11.2 19 10.8 9 12.5 Parietal 5 3.3 11 6.3 5 6.9 Temporal 5 3.3 6 3.4 3 4.2 Occipitalb 15 9.9 9 5.1 2 2.8 OR 95% CI P Value Male 1.11 (0.68–1.81) .687 Age (yr) 1.03 (0.97–1.10) .289 MMSE 0.89 (0.74–1.07) .216 Education (yr) <9 1.00 – – 9–12 0.76 (0.38–1.50) .427 >12 0.44 (0.22–0.92) .028 Fazekas score Absent 1.00 – – Mild 0.69 (0.41–1.18) .176 Moderate 0.50 (0.24–1.04) .062 Severe 1.30 (0.51–3.31) .586 No. of microbleeds 2.14 (0.70–6.48) .180 Microbleed lobar location Frontal 0.41 (0.07–2.58) .343 Parietal 1.18 (0.22–6.17) .847 Temporal 0.63 (0.08–5.13) .667 Occipital 0.26 (0.05–1.28) .098 Other 8.09 (0.73–89.20) .088 Microbleed depth Absent 1.00 – – Lobar 0.85 (0.21–3.46) .825 At least 1 deep 0.18 (0.02–2.09) .171 - Table 6:
Multivariate linear regression to predict the number of cognitive tests (n = 14) that showed improvement minus the number of tests in which scores declined >0.5 SDs
Coefficient 95% CI P Value Male −0.39 (−1.29–0.51) .391 Age (yr) −0.06 (−0.18–0.05) .260 MMSE −0.35 (−0.68–0.01) .042 Education (yr) <9 1.00 – – 9–12 0.21 (−1.02–1.44) .739 >12 0.76 (−0.54–2.07) .252 Fazekas score Absent 1.00 – – Mild 0.57 (−0.40–1.55) .247 Moderate 0.71 (−0.63–2.05) .298 Severe 0.18 (−1.44–1.81) .826 No. of microbleeds −0.36 (−2.27–1.54) .707 Microbleed lobar location Frontal 0.58 (−2.56–3.72) .716 Parietal −0.89 (−3.81–2.02) .546 Temporal 0.80 (−2.91–4.50) .672 Occipital 1.78 (−0.98–4.55) .205 Other −2.01 (−6.12–2.09) .336 Microbleed depth Absent 1.00 – – Lobar −1.39 (−3.93–1.16) .284 At least 1 deep 1.11 (−3.18–5.40) .612
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