Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Validation of iR-fMRI with DCS. A, The pR-fMRI scan shows the motor cortex located posterior to the tumor. B, DCS locates positive sites in the hand area (H) and positive sites in the mouth area (M). The green and blue dots in A represent the positive sites in the hand and mouth areas, respectively, located by intraoperative DCS. C, iR-fMRI reveals that the motor cortex is behind the tumor cavity. D, Intact motor cortex after tumor resection. The green and blue dots represent the positive sites in the hand and mouth areas, respectively, located by intraoperative DCS. Pre-op indicates preoperative; Post-op, postoperative; L, left; R, right.
- Fig 2.
Procedure for iR-fMRI- and DCS-assisted tumor resection. A, pR-fMRI scan reveals that the motor cortex is located behind the left frontal lesion. B, Direct cortical stimulation locates 2 positive sites in the hand area (H), 1 positive site in the foot area (L), and 2 positive sites in the language area (1 and 2). C, The iR-fMRI scan displays the motor cortex behind the tumor cavity at a distance from the tumor residue (green arrow). D, Intraoperative MR image suggests a small amount of tumor residue closer to the deep motor area behind the tumor cavity (green arrow). E, The final iR-fMRI scan shows that the motor cortex located behind the tumor cavity is well-protected. F, The final MR imaging scan reveals complete tumor resection. L indicates left; R, right.
Tables
Comparison of the results from iR-fMRI and DCS for 14 of the 30 patients
No. Intraoperative R-fMRI TP TN FP FN 2 9 7 0 0 5 3 8 3 0 8 1 22 1 0 12 1 8 1 3 18 0 19 0 1 19 2 19 0 3 20 4 8 0 3 21 1 14 2 0 22 4 3 1 0 25 2 4 0 3 26 3 10 2 1 27 3 12 0 1 29 2 8 0 4 30 2 6 0 4 Note:—TP indicates true-positive; TN, true-negative; FP, false-positive; FN, false-negative.
