Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Flowchart of the patient enrollment process.
- Fig 2.
A 22-year-old woman with a right-neck mass. A, A CT scan reveals a 6.5-cm second branchial cleft cyst anteromedial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle and lateral to the carotid sheath. B, After 3 sessions of ethanol ablation, it is nearly obliterated on follow-up CT (arrow). C and D, Transverse sonogram also shows a large cystic mass in the right neck (volume, 48.1 mL) nearly disappeared after the treatment (arrow).
- Fig 3.
A 15-year-old adolescent boy with a right-neck mass. A and B, Transverse US and CT scans show a 7-cm cystic mass in the right neck (volume, 36.6 mL). C, During the ethanol ablation, intracystic hemorrhage developed after aspiration of internal contents. D, However, after a second session of ethanol ablation, the cystic mass had disappeared on follow-up US (arrow).
Tables
- Table 1:
Initial patient, brachial cleft cyst, and treatment characteristics and changes in the cysts (before versus after ethanol ablation)
Patient Sex Age (yr) Index Volume (mL) Aspiration Volume (mL) Ethanol Volume (mL) Treatment Sessions (No.) Fluid Volume (mL) at Follow-Up VRR (%) Therapeutic Success 1–2 mo (n = 17) 3–6 mo (n = 9) 7–12 mo (n = 7) Final Evaluation (n = 15) 1 M 17 29.4 30.0 10 2 57.9a 0.4 (14) 98.6 Yes 2 F 13 3.8 3.0 2 2 1.1 4.4a 0.3 0.3 (8) 92.1 Yes 3 M 33 41.4 40.0 20 2 35.6a 2.4 NA 2.4 (4) 94.2 Yes 4 M 15 36.6 36.0 10 2 33.7a 9.7 1.2 0.1 (25) 99.7 Yes 5 M 30 49.9 50.0 20 1 NA NA NA NA (12) NA Yes 6 F 60 6.1 5.8 4 1 0.2 0.2 0.0 (18) 100.0 Yes 7 F 38 38.2 20.0 10 2 6.6a NA NA NA (12) NA Yes 8 F 25 38.0 21.0 10 6 5.7a/25.12a 30.4a/9.3a 2.2 0.5 (16) 98.7 Yes 9 M 6 12.4 12.0 4 1 NA NA NA NA (22) NA Yes 10 M 37 42.2 31.0 10 2 15.1a 1.2 0.3 0.3 (12) 99.3 Yes 11 M 41 7.5 7.0 7 2 7.4a NA NA NA (12) NA Yes 12 F 26 11.8 12.0 5 1 1.4 0.4 NA 0.4 (6) 96.6 Yes 13 F 49 32.8 30.0 10 1 0.8 NA NA 0.8 (2) 97.6 Yes 14 F 34 37.7 15.0 10 2 30.3a NA NA NA (12) NA Yes 15 F 22 48.1 33.0 25 3 116.1a 86.4a 2.5 2.5 (9) 94.8 Yes 16 F 25 13.9 10.0 6 2 13.0a 4.3a 2.2 2.2 (7) 84.2 Yes 17 F 32 5.5 5.0 4 1 1.1 NA NA 1.1 (1) 80.0 Yes 18 F 72 25.1 17.0 20 1 3.5 NA NA 3.5 (1) 86.1 Yes 19 M 2 37.6 36.0 10 1 0.7 NA NA 0.7 (2) 98.1 Yes 20 F 38 10.6 10.0 6 1 2.6 NA NA 2.6 (2) 75.5 Yes Mean 30.8 ± 17.0 26.4 ± 15.7 21.2 ± 13.6 10.2 ± 6.3 1.8 ± 1.2 17.3 ± 28.3 15.5 ± 28.2 9.5 ± 21.4 1.2 ± 1.1 93.0 ± 7.9 Note:—VRR indicates volume reduction rate; NA, not available.
↵a Additional EA treatment during the follow-up period. The clinical follow-up duration for each patient is shown in parentheses.
No. of Sessions Single Session (n = 9) Multiple Sessions (n = 11) P Value Initial volume 21.3 ± 15.8 30.6 ± 15.3 .160 Symptom score 8.1 ± 2.2 10.0 ± 0.0 .011 Cosmetic score 3.9 (3–4) 4.0 (4) .710 Final volume (VRR) 1.3 ± 1.3 1.1 ± 1.1 .487 P value .028 .018 Symptomatic score 0.4 (0–1) 0.5 (0–2) .809 P value .017 .004 Cosmetic score 1.2 (1–2) 1.2 (1–2) .827 P value .009 .003 Note:—VRR indicates volume reduction rate.
↵a Data are means unless otherwise indicated. Range is shown in parentheses.
- Table 3:
Summary of published data for chemical ablation in patients with brachial cleft cystsa
Study Year No. of Patients Sclerosing Agent Mean Treatment Sessions (No.) Complete Response Partial (≥50%) Response Partial (<50%) Response No Response Complications Fukumoto et al2 1994 3 Ethanol 1.0 100.0% (3/3) – – None Roh et al5 2006 12 OK-432 2.3 58.3% (7/12) 25.0% (3/12) 16.7% (2/12) Fever Kim et al4 2009 23 OK-432 1.7 60.8% (14/23) 13.0% (3/23) 8.7% (2/23) 17.4% (4/23) Fever, local pain Ohta et al6 2010 12 OK-432 2.9 50.0% (6/12) 16.7% (2/12) 8.3% (1/12) 25.0% (3/12) Fever ↵a Numbers in parentheses are the numbers of patients among all those included in the study.
