Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Regions of injury involving the corpus callosum and fornix/septohippocampal circuit among patients with posttraumatic migraine headaches. Images derived from Tract-Based Spatial Statistics results and rendered on T1-weighted images from the Montreal Neurological Institute atlas show common regions of injury involving the corpus callosum and fornix/septohippocampal circuit in patients with posttraumatic migraine headaches. ROIs involving the FSHC and CC corresponding to voxels of significant difference in FA (P < .05 corrected for multiple comparisons) between controls (subjects with mTBI without PTM) and patients with mTBI with PTM in are shown overlaid on the white matter skeleton (blue). ROIs corresponding to voxels of significantly decreased FA in patients with mTBI with PTM are shown in red in the axial (A), coronal (B), and sagittal (C) planes.
Tables
- Table 1:
International Headache Society guidelines for classification of migraines and definition of migraine aura18
Definition of migraine At least 5 attacks fulfilling the following criteria: 1) Headache lasting 4–72 hr 2) Headache with at least 2 of the following characteristics: Unilateral location Pulsating quality Moderate or severe pain intensity Aggravation by or causing avoidance of routine physical activity 3) During the headache, at least 1 of the following: Nausea and/or vomiting Photophobia or phonophobia 4) Not attributed to another disorder Definition of aura At least 1 of the following, but no motor weakness: 1) Fully reversible visual symptoms, including positive features (eg, flickering lights) and/or negative features (ie, loss of vision) 2) Fully reversible sensory symptoms, including positive features (ie, pins and needles) and/or negative features (ie, numbness) 3) Fully reversible dysphasic speech disturbance - Table 2:
Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with mTBI with and without PTMs
+ PTM − PTM P Valuea Mean age (range) (yr) 17.6 (10–38) 19.7 (12–47) .26 No. of males 39 (67%) 12 (71%) 1.00 Median time to presentation (range) (day) 22 (2–506) 24 (1–261) .79 Prior concussion (No.) 24 (41%) 8 (47%) .56 Sports injury (No.) 34 (59%) 8 (47%) .42 Mean ImPACTb Total Symptom Score (percentile) (range) 36.1 (1–97) 20.8 (1–74) .01 Mean Verbal Memory Score (percentile) (range) 30.2 (1–99) 37.5 (7–92) .20 Mean Visual Memory Score (percentile) (range) 28.1 (1–97) 36.5 (1–88) .13 Mean reaction time (percentile) (range) 34.6 (1–95) 43.1 (1–94) .18 Mean processing speed (percentile) (range) 33.5 (1–98) 47.7 (1–94) .05 Median time to recovery (range) (week) 51.9 (1–252) 39.4 (3–194) .50 ↵a P values were 2-tailed and calculated with the use of an unpaired t test for continuous variables and a Fisher exact test for categoric variables.
↵b ImPACT indicates Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test. Scores are percentiles determined by normative data from baseline testing of >17,000 athletes as part of their presport participation with percentile information accounting for both sex and age.
Variable Correlation with Mean FA Value CC ROI Correlation with Mean FA Value FSHC ROI Agea (P value)b 0.092 (.49) −0.141 (.29) Verbal Memory Score (P value) −0.120 (.37) −0.167 (021) Visual Memory Score (P value) −0.122 (.36) 0.325 (.01) Processing-speed score (P value) −0.133 (.32) −0.143 (.28) Reaction time score (P value) −0.072 (.59) −0.113 (.40) Symptom Severity Score (P value) 0.156 (.24) −0.015 (.91) Time to recovery (P value) −0.260 (.05) 0.099 (.46)
