Selective-versus-Standard Poststent Dilation for Carotid Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

REFERENCES

1. 1.↵
   2. Ricotta JJ 2nd.,
   3. Piazza M

   . Carotid endarterectomy or carotid artery stenting? Matching the patient to the intervention. Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther 2010;22:124–36 doi:10.1177/1531003510381136 pmid:20858617

   CrossRefPubMed
2. 2.↵
   2. Ederle J,
   3. Bonati LH,
   4. Dobson J, et al

   ; CAVATAS Investigators. Endovascular treatment with angioplasty or stenting versus endarterectomy in patients with carotid artery stenosis in the Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study (CAVATAS): long-term follow-up of a randomised trial. Lancet Neurol 2009;8:898–907 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70228-5 pmid:19717345

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
3. 3.↵
   2. Ederle J,
   3. Dobson J,
   4. Featherstone RL, et al

   ; International Carotid Stenting Study investigators. Carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (International Carotid Stenting Study): an interim analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2010;375:985–97 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60239-5 pmid:20189239

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
4. 4.↵
   2. Yadav JS,
   3. Wholey MH,
   4. Kuntz RE, et al

   ; Stenting and Angioplasty with Protection in Patients at High Risk for Endarterectomy Investigators. Protected carotid-artery stenting versus endarterectomy in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1493–501 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa040127 pmid:15470212

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
5. 5.↵
   2. Brott TG,
   3. Hobson RW 2nd.,
   4. Howard G, et al

   ; CREST Investigators. Stenting versus endarterectomy for treatment of carotid-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med 2010;363:11–23 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0912321 pmid:20505173

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
6. 6.↵
   North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med 1991;325:445–53 doi:10.1056/NEJM199108153250701 pmid:1852179

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
7. 7.↵
   2. Kachel R

   . Results of balloon angioplasty in the carotid arteries. J Endovasc Surg 1996;3:22–30 pmid:8798123

   CrossRefPubMed
8. 8.↵
   2. Gil-Peralta A,
   3. Mayol A,
   4. Marcos JR, et al

   . Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the symptomatic atherosclerotic carotid arteries: results, complications, and follow-up. Stroke 1996;27:2271–73 doi:10.1161/01.STR.27.12.2271 pmid:8969792

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
9. 9.↵
   2. Kerber CW,
   3. Cromwell LD,
   4. Loehden OL

   . Catheter dilatation of proximal carotid stenosis during distal bifurcation endarterectomy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1980;1:348–49 pmid:6779610

   FREE Full Text
10. 10.↵
    2. Ferguson GG,
    3. Eliasziw M,
    4. Barr HW, et al

    . The North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial: surgical results in 1415 patients. Stroke 1999;30:1751–58 doi:10.1161/01.STR.30.9.1751 pmid:10471419

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
11. 11.↵
    2. Phatouros CC,
    3. Higashida RT,
    4. Malek AM, et al

    . Carotid artery stent placement for atherosclerotic disease: rationale, technique, and current status. Radiology 2000;217:26–41 doi:10.1148/radiology.217.1.r00oc2526 pmid:11012420

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
12. 12.↵
    2. Mathur A,
    3. Dorros G,
    4. Iyer SS, et al

    . Palmaz stent compression in patients following carotid artery stenting. Cathet Cardiovasc Diag 1997;41:137–40 pmid:9184284

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
13. 13.↵
    2. Martin JB,
    3. Pache JC,
    4. Treggiari-Venzi M, et al

    . Role of the distal balloon protection technique in the prevention of cerebral embolic events during carotid stent placement. Stroke 2001;32:479–84 pmid:11157186

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
14. 14.↵
    2. Manninen HI,
    3. Räsänen HT,
    4. Vanninen RL, et al

    . Stent placement versus percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of human carotid arteries in cadavers in situ: distal embolization and findings at intravascular US, MR imaging and histopathologic analysis. Radiology 1999;212:483–92 doi:10.1148/radiology.212.2.r99au48483 pmid:10429707

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
15. 15.↵
    2. Vos JA,
    3. van den Berg JC,
    4. Ernst SM, et al

    . Carotid angioplasty and stent placement: comparison of transcranial Doppler US data and clinical outcome with and without filtering cerebral protection devices in 509 patients. Radiology 2005;234:493–99 doi:10.1148/radiol.2342040119 pmid:15616120

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
16. 16.↵
    2. Gupta R,
    3. Abou-Chebl A,
    4. Bajzer CT, et al

    . Rate, predictors, and consequences of hemodynamic depression after carotid artery stenting. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:1538–43 doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.08.079 pmid:16630988

    FREE Full Text
17. 17.↵
    2. Howell M,
    3. Krajcer Z,
    4. Dougherty K, et al

    . Correlation of periprocedural systolic blood pressure changes with neurological events in high-risk carotid stent patients. J Endovasc Ther 2002;9:810–16 doi:10.1177/152660280200900614 pmid:12546582

    CrossRefPubMed
18. 18.↵
    2. Park BD,
    3. Divinagracia T,
    4. Madej O, et al

    . Predictors of clinically significant postprocedural hypotension after carotid endarterectomy and carotid angioplasty with stenting. J Vasc Surg 2009;50:526–33 doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2009.05.005 pmid:19700091

    CrossRefPubMed
19. 19.↵
    2. Qazi U,
    3. Obeid TE,
    4. Enwerem N, et al

    . The effect of ballooning following carotid stent deployment on hemodynamic stability. J Vasc Surg 2014;59:756–60 doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2013.09.027 pmid:24342066

    CrossRefPubMed
20. 20.↵
    2. Ghandehari K,
    3. Edraki K,
    4. Karimi M, et al

    . Complications of angioplasty and stenting of cervicocerebral arteries in Iran. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2010;18:49–53 doi:10.1177/0218492309355598 pmid:20124297

    CrossRefPubMed
21. 21.↵
    2. Ielasi A,
    3. Latib A,
    4. Godino C, et al

    . Clinical outcomes following protected carotid artery stenting in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. J Endovasc Ther 2010;17:298–307 doi:10.1583/09-2997.1 pmid:20557166

    CrossRefPubMed
22. 22.↵
    2. Micari A,
    3. Stabile E,
    4. Cremonesi A, et al

    . Carotid artery stenting in octogenarians using a proximal endovascular occlusion cerebral protection device: a multicenter registry. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2010;76:9–15 doi:10.1002/ccd.22503 pmid:20578188

    CrossRefPubMed
23. 23.↵
    2. Montorsi P,
    3. Galli S,
    4. Ravagnani P, et al

    . Randomized trial of predilation versus direct stenting for treatment of carotid artery stenosis. Int J Cardiol 2010;138:233–38 doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.08.012 pmid:18793813

    CrossRefPubMed
24. 24.↵
    2. Stabile E,
    3. Salemme L,
    4. Sorropago G, et al

    . Proximal endovascular occlusion for carotid artery stenting: results from a prospective registry of 1,300 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;55:1661–67 doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.11.079 pmid:20394868

    FREE Full Text
25. 25.↵
    2. Almekhlafi MA,
    3. Couillard PL,
    4. Pandya A, et al

    . Outcomes after carotid angioplasty and stenting in symptomatic octogenarians. Can J Neurol Sci 2011;38:446–51 doi:10.1017/S0317167100011859 pmid:21515504

    CrossRefPubMed
26. 26.↵
    2. Satya K,
    3. Dougherty K,
    4. Lee VV, et al

    . Determinants and outcomes of asystole during carotid artery stenting. J Endovasc Ther 2011;18:513–17 doi:10.1583/11-3516R.1 pmid:21861740

    CrossRefPubMed
27. 27.↵
    2. Kimiagar I,
    3. Gur AY,
    4. Auriel E, et al

    . Long-term follow-up of patients after carotid stenting with or without distal protective device in a single tertiary medical center. Vasc Endovasc Surg 2012;46:536–41 doi:10.1177/1538574412457471 pmid:22903330

    CrossRefPubMed
28. 28.↵
    2. Mazzaccaro D,
    3. Occhiuto MT,
    4. Stegher S, et al

    . Long-term results of carotid artery stenting in patients 80 years and older. Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther 2012;24:49–54 doi:10.1177/1531003512459913 pmid:22965950

    CrossRefPubMed
29. 29.↵
    2. Mohammadian R,
    3. Sohrabi B,
    4. Mansourizadeh R, et al

    . Unprotected carotid artery stenting: complications in 6 months follow-up. Neuroradiology 2012;54:225–30 doi:10.1007/s00234-011-0867-x pmid:21479568

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
30. 30.↵
    2. Dumont TM,
    3. Wach MM,
    4. Mokin M, et al

    . Perioperative complications after carotid artery stenting: a contemporary experience from the University at Buffalo neuroendovascular surgery team. Neurosurgery 2013;73:689–93; discussion 693–94 doi:10.1227/NEU.0000000000000077 pmid:23842555

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
31. 31.↵
    2. Lago A,
    3. Parkhutik V,
    4. Tembl JI, et al

    . Diabetes does not affect outcome of symptomatic carotid stenosis treated with endovascular techniques. Eur Neurol 2013;69:263–69 doi:10.1159/000346000 pmid:23429066

    CrossRefPubMed
32. 32.↵
    2. Ullery BW,
    3. Orlova K,
    4. Shang EK, et al

    . Results of carotid angioplasty and stenting are equivalent for critical versus high-grade lesions in patients deemed high risk for carotid endarterectomy. J Surg Res 2013;185:21–26 doi:10.1016/j.jss.2013.07.027 pmid:23953786

    CrossRefPubMed
33. 33.↵
    2. Biggs NG,
    3. Rangarajan S,
    4. McClure DN

    . Has carotid artery stenting found its place? A 10-year regional centre perspective. ANZ J Surg 2016;86:179–83 doi:10.1111/ans.12517 pmid:24456223

    CrossRefPubMed
34. 34.↵
    2. Hernández-Fernández F,
    3. Parrilla G,
    4. Garcia-Villalba B, et al

    . Comparison between proximal versus distal protection devices in 287 cases of carotid revascularization using angioplasty and stenting: periprocedure complications, morbidity, and mortality. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2014;37:639–45 doi:10.1007/s00270-013-0714-z: pmid:23912495

    CrossRefPubMed
35. 35.↵
    2. Morgan CE,
    3. Lee CJ,
    4. Chin JA, et al

    . High-risk anatomic variables and plaque characteristics in carotid artery stenting. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2014;48:452–59 doi:10.1177/1538574414551577 pmid:25252921

    CrossRefPubMed
36. 36.↵
    2. Cohen JE,
    3. Gomori JM,
    4. Itshayek E, et al

    . Ischemic complications after tailored carotid artery stenting in different subpopulations with high-grade stenosis: feared but rare. J Clin Neurosci 2015;22:189–94 doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2014.09.005 pmid:25444995

    CrossRefPubMed
37. 37.↵
    2. Ogata A,
    3. Sonobe M,
    4. Kato N, et al

    . Carotid artery stenting without post-stenting balloon dilatation. J Neurointerv Surg 2014;6:517–20 doi:10.1136/neurintsurg-2013-010873 pmid:24014467

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
38. 38.↵
    2. Oteros Fernandez R,
    3. Jimenez-Gomez E,
    4. Bravo-Rodriguez F, et al

    . Unprotected carotid artery stenting in symptomatic patients with high-grade stenosis: results and long-term follow-up in a single-center experience. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012;33:1285–91 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A2951 pmid:22422184

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
39. 39.↵
    2. Tallarita T,
    3. Rabinstein AA,
    4. Cloft H, et al

    . Are distal protection devices ‘protective’ during carotid angioplasty and stenting? Stroke 2011;42:1962–66 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.607820 pmid:21566230

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
40. 40.↵
    2. Mansour OY,
    3. Weber J,
    4. Niesen W, et al

    . Carotid angioplasty and stenting without protection devices: safety and efficacy concerns–single center experience. Clin Neuroradiol 2011;21:65–73 doi:10.1007/s00062-011-0057-6 pmid:21562830

    CrossRefPubMed
41. 41.↵
    2. González A,
    3. Gil-Peralta A,
    4. Mayol A, et al

    . Internal carotid artery stenting in patients with near occlusion: 30-day and long-term outcome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011;32:252–58 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A2285 pmid:21051515

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
42. 42.↵
    2. DerSimonian R,
    3. Laird N

    . Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 1986;7:177–88 doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 pmid:3802833

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
43. 43.↵
    2. Altman DG,
    3. Bland JM

    . Interaction revisited: the difference between two estimates. BMJ 2003;326:219 doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7382.219 pmid:12543843

    FREE Full Text
44. 44.↵
    2. Higgins JP,
    3. Thompson SG,
    4. Deeks JJ, et al

    . Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 2003;327:557–60 doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 pmid:12958120

    FREE Full Text
45. 45.↵
    2. Higgins JP,
    3. Thompson SG

    . Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med 2002;21:1539–58 doi:10.1002/sim.1186 pmid:12111919

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
46. 46.↵
    2. Rubartelli P,
    3. Brusa G,
    4. Arrigo A, et al

    . Transcranial Doppler monitoring during stenting of the carotid bifurcation: evaluation of two different distal protection devices in preventing embolization. J Endovasc Ther 2006;13:436–42 doi:10.1583/05-1804MR.1 pmid:16928156

    CrossRefPubMed
47. 47.↵
    2. Ackerstaff RG,
    3. Suttorp MJ,
    4. van den Berg JC, et al

    ; Antonius Carotid Endarterectomy, Angioplasty, and Stenting Study Group. Prediction of early cerebral outcome by transcranial Doppler monitoring in carotid bifurcation angioplasty and stenting. J Vasc Surg 2005;41:618–24 doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2005.01.034 pmid:15874925

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
48. 48.↵
    2. Park B,
    3. Shapiro D,
    4. Dahn M, et al

    . Carotid artery angioplasty with stenting and postprocedure hypotension. Am J Surg 2005;190:691–95 doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.07.004 pmid:16226941

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
49. 49.
    2. Morrish W,
    3. Grahovac S,
    4. Douen A, et al

    . Intracranial hemorrhage after stenting and angioplasty of extracranial carotid stenosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2000;21:1911–16 pmid:11110546

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
50. 50.
    2. Ahmadi R,
    3. Schillinger M,
    4. Lang W, et al

    . Carotid artery stenting in older patients: is age a risk factor for poor outcome? J Endovasc Ther 2002;9:559–65 doi:10.1177/152660280200900501 pmid:12431135

    CrossRefPubMed
51. 51.
    2. Criado FJ,
    3. Lingelbach JM,
    4. Ledesma DF, et al

    . Carotid artery stenting in a vascular surgery practice. J Vasc Surg 2002;35:430–34 doi:10.1067/mva.2002.121209 pmid:11877688

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
52. 52.
    2. Hobson RW 2nd.,
    3. Lal BK,
    4. Chakhtoura EY, et al

    . Carotid artery closure for endarterectomy does not influence results of angioplasty-stenting for restenosis. J Vasc Surg 2002;35:435–38 doi:10.1067/mva.2002.122022 pmid:11877689

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
53. 53.
    2. Kao HL,
    3. Lin LY,
    4. Lu CJ, et al

    . Long-term results of elective stenting for severe carotid artery stenosis in Taiwan. Cardiology 2002;97:89–93 doi:10.1159/000057678 pmid:11978955

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
54. 54.
    Antonius Carotid Endaterectomy, Angioplasty, and Stenting Study Group. Transcranial Doppler monitoring in angioplasty and stenting of the carotid bifurcation. J Endovasc Ther 2003;10:702–10 doi:10.1177/152660280301000404 pmid:14533974

    CrossRefPubMed
55. 55.
    2. Cernetti C,
    3. Reimers B,
    4. Picciolo A, et al

    . Carotid artery stenting with cerebral protection in 100 consecutive patients: immediate and two-year follow-up results. Ital Heart J 2003;4:695–700 pmid:14664282

    PubMed
56. 56.
    2. Cremonesi A,
    3. Manetti R,
    4. Setacci F, et al

    . Protected carotid stenting: clinical advantages and complications of embolic protection devices in 442 consecutive patients. Stroke 2003;34:1936–41 doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000081000.23561.61 pmid:12843347

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
57. 57.
    2. Tsuura M,
    3. Terada T,
    4. Matsumoto H, et al

    . Clinical results of stenting for cervical internal carotid stenoses. Interv Neuroradiol 2003;9:133–36 pmid:20591242

    CrossRefPubMed
58. 58.
    2. Wholey MH,
    3. Wholey MH,
    4. Tan WA, et al

    . A comparison of balloon-mounted and self-expanding stents in the carotid arteries: immediate and long-term results of more than 500 patients. J Endovasc Ther 2003;10:171–81 doi:10.1177/152660280301000203 pmid:12877596

    CrossRefPubMed
59. 59.
    2. Eskandari MK,
    3. Longo GM,
    4. Vijungco JD, et al

    . Does carotid stenting measure up to endarterectomy? A vascular surgeon's experience. Arch Surg 2004;139:734–38 doi:10.1001/archsurg.139.7.734 pmid:15249405

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
60. 60.
    2. Faries PL,
    3. Dayal R,
    4. Clair DG, et al

    . Continuity in the treatment of carotid artery disease: results of a carotid stenting program initiated by vascular surgeons. Ann Vasc Surg 2004;18:669–76 doi:10.1007/s10016-004-0101-y pmid:15599624

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
61. 61.
    2. Kastrup A,
    3. Schulz JB,
    4. Raygrotzki S, et al

    . Comparison of angioplasty and stenting with cerebral protection versus endarterectomy for treatment of internal carotid artery stenosis in elderly patients. J Vasc Surg 2004;40:945–51 doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2004.08.022 pmid:15557909

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
62. 62.
    2. Sadato A,
    3. Satow T,
    4. Ishii A, et al

    . Use of a large angioplasty balloon for predilation is a risk factor for embolic complications in protected carotid stenting. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2004;44:337–42; discussion 343 doi:10.2176/nmc.44.337 pmid:15347209

    CrossRefPubMed
63. 63.
    2. Bonaldi G,
    3. Aiazzi L,
    4. Baruzzi F, et al

    . Angioplasty and stenting of the cervical carotid bifurcation under filter protection: a prospective study in a series of 53 patients. J Neuroradiol 2005;32:109–17 doi:10.1016/S0150-9861(05)83125-6 pmid:15984402

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
64. 64.
    2. Cayne NS,
    3. Faries PL,
    4. Trocciola SM, et al

    . Carotid angioplasty and stent-induced bradycardia and hypotension: impact of prophylactic atropine administration and prior carotid endarterectomy. J Vasc Surg 2005;41:956–61 doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2005.02.038 pmid:15944593

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
65. 65.
    2. Coppi G,
    3. Moratto R,
    4. Silingardi R, et al

    . PRIAMUS: proximal flow blockage cerebral protection during carotid stenting—results from a multicenter Italian registry. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2005;46:219–27 pmid:15956919

    PubMed
66. 66.
    2. Eskandari MK,
    3. Longo GM,
    4. Matsumura JS, et al

    . Carotid stenting done exclusively by vascular surgeons: first 175 cases. Ann Surg 2005;242:431–36; discussion 436–38 pmid:16135929

    PubMedWeb of Science
67. 67.
    2. Kadkhodayan Y,
    3. Derdeyn CP,
    4. Cross DT 3rd., et al

    . Procedure complications of carotid angioplasty and stent placement without cerebral protection devices. Neurosurg Focus 2005;18:e1 pmid:15669795

    PubMed
68. 68.
    2. Li SM,
    3. Li D,
    4. Ling F, et al

    . Carotid artery stenting: experience of a single institute in China. Interv Neuroradiol 2005;11:205–12 pmid:20584476

    PubMed
69. 69.
    2. Lin PH,
    3. Bush RL,
    4. Peden EK, et al

    . Carotid artery stenting with neuroprotection: assessing the learning curve and treatment outcome. Am J Surg 2005;190:850–57 doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.08.008 pmid:16307933

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
70. 70.
    2. Longo GM,
    3. Kibbe MR,
    4. Eskandari MK

    . Carotid artery stenting in octogenarians: is it too risky? Ann Vasc Surg 2005;19:812–16 doi:10.1007/s10016-005-7977-z pmid:16200469

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
71. 71.
    2. Reimers B,
    3. Sievert H,
    4. Schuler GC, et al

    . Proximal endovascular flow blockage for cerebral protection during carotid artery stenting: results from a prospective multicenter registry. J Endovasc Ther 2005;12:156–65 doi:10.1583/04-1400MR.1 pmid:15823062

    CrossRefPubMed
72. 72.
    2. Chaer RA,
    3. Derubertis BG,
    4. Trocciola SM, et al

    . Safety and efficacy of carotid angioplasty and stenting in high-risk patients. Am Surg 2006;72:694–98; discussion 698–99 pmid:16913312

    PubMedWeb of Science
73. 73.
    2. Faries PL,
    3. Trocciola SM,
    4. De Rubertis B, et al

    . Hemodynamic instability after carotid artery angioplasty and stening is associated with increased age and female gender. Vas Dis Management 2006;3:200–05
74. 74.
    2. Gröschel K,
    3. Ernemann U,
    4. Schulz JB, et al

    . Statin therapy at carotid angioplasty and stent placement: effect on procedure-related stroke, myocardial infarction, and death. Radiology 2006;240:145–51 doi:10.1148/radiol.2401050603 pmid:16793975

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
75. 75.
    2. Halabi M,
    3. Gruberg L,
    4. Pitchersky S, et al

    . Carotid artery stenting in surgical high-risk patients. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2006;67:513–18 doi:10.1002/ccd.20640 pmid:16534816

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
76. 76.
    2. Kwon BJ,
    3. Han MH,
    4. Kang HS, et al

    . Protection filter-related events in extracranial carotid artery stenting: a single-center experience. J Endovasc Ther 2006;13:711–22 doi:10.1583/06-1900.1 pmid:17154708

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
77. 77.
    2. Nano G,
    3. Dalainas I,
    4. Bianchi P, et al

    . Ballooning-induced bradycardia during carotid stenting in primary stenosis and restenosis. Neuroradiology 2006;48:533–36 doi:10.1007/s00234-006-0096-x pmid:16670918

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
78. 78.
    2. Cotroneo AR,
    3. Iezzi R

    . Cutting balloon angioplasty (CBA) versus conventional balloon angioplasty (PTA) in the pre-dilatation of carotid artery stenosis: our preliminary experience. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2007;30:1210–17 doi:10.1007/s00270-007-9171-x pmid:17909883

    CrossRefPubMed
79. 79.
    2. Criado E,
    3. Fontcuberta J,
    4. Orgaz A, et al

    . Transcervical carotid stenting with carotid artery flow reversal: 3-year follow-up of 103 stents. J Vasc Surg 2007;46:864–69 doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2007.07.028 pmid:17980271

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
80. 80.
    2. Kawarada O,
    3. Yokoi Y,
    4. Takemoto K, et al

    . Double-wire technique in balloon-protected carotid artery stenting. J Interv Cardio 2007;20:55–62 doi:10.1111/j.1540-8183.2007.00218.x pmid:17300405

    CrossRefPubMed
81. 81.
    2. Lin PH,
    3. Zhou W,
    4. Kougias P, et al

    . Factors associated with hypotension and bradycardia after carotid angioplasty and stenting. J Vasc Surg 2007;46:846–53; discussion 853–54 doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2007.07.020 pmid:17980268

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
82. 82.
    2. Maynar M,
    3. Baldi S,
    4. Rostagno R, et al

    . Carotid stenting without use of balloon angioplasty and distal protection devices: preliminary experience in 100 cases. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007;28:1378–83 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A0543 pmid:17698546

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
83. 83.
    2. Van der Heyden J,
    3. Suttorp MJ,
    4. Bal ET, et al

    . Staged carotid angioplasty and stenting followed by cardiac surgery in patients with severe asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis: early and long-term results. Circulation 2007;116:2036–42 doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.658625 pmid:17938290

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
84. 84.
    2. Younis GA,
    3. Gupta K,
    4. Mortazavi A, et al

    . Predictors of carotid stent restenosis. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2007;69:673–82 doi:10.1002/ccd.20809 pmid:17351931

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
85. 85.
    2. AbuRahma AF,
    3. Bates MC,
    4. Eads K, et al

    . Safety and efficacy of carotid angioplasty/stenting in 100 consecutive high surgical risk patients: immediate and long-term follow-up. Vasc Endovasc Surg 2008;42:433–39 doi:10.1177/1538574408318477 pmid:8583300

    CrossRefPubMed
86. 86.
    2. Bussière M,
    3. Pelz DM,
    4. Kalapos P, et al

    . Results using a self-expanding stent alone in the treatment of severe symptomatic carotid bifurcation stenosis. J Neurosurg 2008;109:454–60 doi:10.3171/JNS/2008/109/9/0454 pmid:18759576

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
87. 87.
    2. Bussière M,
    3. Lownie SP,
    4. Lee D, et al

    . Hemodynamic instability during carotid artery stenting: the relative contribution of stent deployment versus balloon dilation. J Neurosurg 2009;110:905–12 doi:10.3171/2008.9.JNS08509 pmid:19231933

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
88. 88.
    2. Buszman P,
    3. Debiński M,
    4. Gruszka A, et al

    . Early and late outcomes of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of cephalad arteries. Kardiol Pol 2008;66:233–42, discussion 243 pmid:18393110

    PubMed
89. 89.
    2. Castriota F,
    3. de Campos Martins EC,
    4. Setacci C, et al

    . Cutting balloon angioplasty in percutaneous carotid interventions. J Endovasc Ther 2008;15:655–62 doi:10.1583/08-2408.1 pmid:19090627

    CrossRefPubMed
90. 90.
    2. Cieri E,
    3. De Rango P,
    4. Maccaroni MR, et al

    . Is haemodynamic depression during carotid stenting a predictor of peri-procedural complications? Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2008;35:399–404 doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2007.10.020 pmid:18178113

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
91. 91.
    2. Diehm N,
    3. Katzen BT,
    4. Dick F, et al

    . Influence of stent type on hemodynamic depression after carotid artery stent placement. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2008;19:23–30 doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2007.09.020 pmid:18192464

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
92. 92.
    2. Henry M,
    3. Henry I,
    4. Polydorou A, et al

    . Carotid angioplasty and stenting in octogenarians: is it safe? Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2008;72:309–17 doi:10.1002/ccd.21574 pmid:18729151

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
93. 93.
    2. Pieniazek P,
    3. Musialek P,
    4. Kablak-Ziembicka A, et al

    . Carotid artery stenting with patient- and lesion-tailored selection of the neuroprotection system and stent type: early and 5-year results from a prospective academic registry of 535 consecutive procedures (TARGET-CAS). J Endovasc Ther 2008;15:249–62 doi:10.1583/07-2264.1 pmid:18540694

    CrossRefPubMed
94. 94.
    2. Roffi M,
    3. Greutmann M,
    4. Schwarz U, et al

    . Flow impairment during protected carotid artery stenting: impact of filter device design. J Endovasc Ther 2008;15:103–09 doi:10.1583/07-2252.1 pmid:18254671

    CrossRefPubMed
95. 95.
    2. Velez CA,
    3. White CJ,
    4. Reilly JP, et al

    . Carotid artery stent placement is safe in the very elderly (> or =80 years). Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2008;72:303–08 doi:10.1002/ccd.21635 pmid:18726941

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
96. 96.
    2. Brown KE,
    3. Usman A,
    4. Kibbe MR, et al

    . Carotid stenting using tapered and nontapered stents: associated neurological complications and restenosis rates. Ann Vasc Surg 2009;23:439–45 doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2008.11.007 pmid:19128933

    CrossRefPubMed
97. 97.
    2. Goldstein LJ,
    3. Khan HU,
    4. Sambol EB, et al

    . Carotid artery stenting is safe and associated with comparable outcomes in men and women. J Vasc Surg 2009;49:315–23; discussion 323–24 doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2008.08.110 pmid:19216949

    CrossRefPubMed
98. 98.
    2. Simonetti G,
    3. Gandini R,
    4. Versaci F, et al

    . Carotid artery stenting: findings based on 8 years' experience [in English, Italian]. Radiol Med 2009;114:95–110 doi:10.1007/s11547-008-0326-x pmid:18820992

    CrossRefPubMed
99. 99.
    2. Theron J,
    3. Venturi C,
    4. Reul J, et al

    . Immediate and 30-day clinical outcome of patients treated with the TwinOne cerebral protection system: multicenter experience in 217 cases. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2009;32:1139–45 doi:10.1007/s00270-009-9686-4 pmid:19730937

    CrossRefPubMed
100. 100.
     2. Veselka J,
     3. Cerná D,
     4. Zimolová P, et al

     . Feasibility, safety, and early outcomes of direct carotid artery stent implantation with use of the FilterWire EZ Embolic Protection System. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2009;73:733–38 doi:10.1002/ccd.21936 pmid:19198010

     CrossRefPubMed
101. 101.
     2. Chung C,
     3. Cayne NS,
     4. Adelman MA, et al

     . Improved hemodynamic outcomes with glycopyrrolate over atropine in carotid angioplasty and stenting. Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther 2010;22:164–70 doi:10.1177/1531003510388277 pmid:21098497

     CrossRefPubMed
102. 102.
     2. Shabaneh B,
     3. Dougherty K,
     4. Hernandez E, et al

     . Catheter aspiration thrombectomy during carotid stenting is safe and potentially efficacious: a pilot retrospective study. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2010;51:865–72 pmid:21124284

     PubMed
103. 103.
     2. Knur R

     . Carotid artery stenting with distal filter protection: single-center experience in high-surgical-risk patients. Heart Vessels 2011;26:125–30 doi:10.1007/s00380-010-0002-7 pmid:21052692

     CrossRefPubMed
104. 104.
     2. Mak CS,
     3. Chambers BR,
     4. Clark DJ, et al

     . Multidisciplinary approach to carotid stenting. Intern Med J 2011;41:789–94 doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2010.02285.x pmid:20561100

     CrossRefPubMed
105. 105.
     2. Mendiz OA,
     3. Sampaolesi AH,
     4. Londero HF, et al

     . Initial experience with transradial access for carotid artery stenting. Vasc Endovasc Surg 2011;45:499–503 doi:10.1177/1538574411405547 pmid:21844492

     CrossRefPubMed
106. 106.
     2. Rizwan Khalid M,
     3. Khalid F,
     4. Farooqui FA, et al

     . Can experienced physicians with high peripheral interventional volume but low carotid artery stenting (CAS) volume achieve low complication rates during CAS? EuroIntervention 2011;6:744–47 doi:10.4244/EIJV6I6A126 pmid:21205599

     CrossRefPubMed
107. 107.
     2. Wu YM,
     3. Wong HF,
     4. Chen YL, et al

     . Carotid stenting of asymptomatic and symptomatic carotid artery stenoses with and without the use of a distal embolic protection device. Acta Cardiol 2011;66:453–58 doi:10.2143/AC.66.4.2126593 pmid:21894801

     CrossRefPubMed
108. 108.
     2. Harada K,
     3. Morioka J,
     4. Higa T, et al

     . Significance of combining distal filter protection and a guiding catheter with temporary balloon occlusion for carotid artery stenting: clinical results and evaluation of debris capture. Ann Vasc Surg 2012;26:929–36 doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2012.04.022 pmid:22944567

     CrossRefPubMed
109. 109.
     2. Moratto R,
     3. Veronesi J,
     4. Silingardi R, et al

     . Urgent carotid artery stenting with technical modifications for patients with transient ischemic attacks and minor stroke. J Endovasc Ther 2012;19:627–35 doi:10.1583/JEVT-12-3852MR.1 pmid:23046328

     CrossRefPubMed
110. 110.
     2. Kessler I,
     3. Gory B,
     4. Macian F, et al

     . Carotid artery stenting in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis: a single-center series. J Neuroradiol 2013;40:38–44 doi:10.1016/j.neurad.2012.03.003 pmid:22633044

     CrossRefPubMed
111. 111.
     2. Miyawaki S,
     3. Maeda K

     . Surgical treatment for cervical carotid artery stenosis in the elderly: importance of perioperative management of ischemic cardiac complications. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2014;54:120–25 doi:10.2176/nmc.oa2012-0436 pmid:24257501

     CrossRefPubMed
112. 112.
     2. Shinozaki N,
     3. Ogata N,
     4. Ikari Y

     . Plaque protrusion detected by intravascular ultrasound during carotid artery stenting. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014;23:2622–25 doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.06.007 pmid:25304722

     CrossRefPubMed