Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Oncologic male patient (1 year 9 months of age at his first visit) undergoing follow-up imaging for cervical neuroblastoma in remission. Unenhanced T1- and T2-weighted transverse images of the DN-pons (A and B) and GP-thalamus (C and D) after 8 injections of 0.05 mmol/kg of gadobenate reveal no evidence of SI changes.
- Fig 2.
Oncologic female patient (7 years 2 months of age at her first visit) undergoing follow-up imaging for non-Hodgkin lymphoma in remission. Unenhanced T1- and T2-weighted transverse images of the DN-pons (A and B) and GP-thalamus (C and D) after 14 injections of 0.05 mmol/kg of gadobenate reveal no evidence of SI changes.
Tables
Characteristic Gadobenate-Exposed (n = 34) GBCA-Naïve Control (n = 24) P Value Age 7.18 ± 5.93 yr 8.78 ± 5.78 yr .31 9 mo to 17 yr 7 mo to 17 yr Sex (M/F) 17:17 16:8 .28 Body weight (kg) 30.55 ± 18.57 26.71 ± 17.23 .43 7.8–68 8.1–64 No. of administrations 7.8 ± 2.9 NA NA 5–15 Interval between first and last administrations 2.24 ± 1.97 yr NA NA 9 mo to 7 yr Accumulated volume of gadobenate administered (mL) 29.35 ± 24.95 NA NA 5–112 Accumulated gadobenate dose (g)b 9.8 ± 8.33 NA NA 1.67–37.41 Group 1 (Gadobenate-Exposed) Group 2 (GBCA-Naïve Controls) Diagnosis No. Diagnosis No. T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma 1 Chronic recurrent osteomyelitis 3 Hodgkin lymphoma 3 Pelvic trauma 1 Coccygeal teratoma 1 Cystic fibrosis 2 Nephroblastoma 4 DORV/VSD 1 Neuroblastoma 3 Polycystic kidney disease 1 Chronic recurrent osteomyelitis 2 Melanoma 1 Hepatoblastoma 2 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 2 Mesoblastic nephroma 1 Skull base osteoid osteoma 1 ALL 1 Germ cell tumor 1 Paravertebral schwannoma 1 Polytrauma, knee distortion, ACL rupture 1 Angioma of the spleen 1 Myocarditis 2 Germ cell tumor 2 Hemophilia A 1 Renal clear cell sarcoma 1 Blunt head trauma 2 Ewing sarcoma 3 Osler disease 1 Osteosarcoma 2 Multiple osteochondroma, whole-body staging 1 Rhabdoid tumor of the kidney 1 Congenital aortic malformation, whole-body imaging 1 Dermatofibrosarcoma 1 Persistent left superior vena cava, thoracic and head/neck imaging 1 ARVD/ARVC 1 Hypertension work-up 1 Hemangioendothelioma 1 Renal leiomyosarcoma 1 Focal nodular hyperplasia 1 Note:—ALL indicates acute lymphoblastic leukemia; DORV, double outlet right ventricle; VSD, ventricula septal defect; ACL, anterior cruciate ligament; ARVD, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia; ARVC, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.
↵a Patients in group 1 underwent multiple gadobenate-enhanced MR imaging studies for therapy follow-up or remission control. Patients in group 2 underwent preliminary unenhanced imaging as part of the initial work-up at the first visit.
- Table 3:
Comparison of brain SI values and DN-pons and GP-thalamus SI ratios between gadobenate-exposed and GBCA-naïve control subjectsa
Reader/Patient Group DN Pons GP Thalamus DN-Pons Ratio GP-Thalamus Ratio Reader 1 Exposed 366.4 ± 8.62 370.5 ± 8.59 360.5 ± 10.2 360.3 ± 9.99 0.989 ± 0.004 1.0 ± 0.003 Control 374.3 ± 8.12 377.0 ± 8.65 364.4 ± 10.3 363.2 ± 9.88 0.994 ± 0.004 1.0 ± 0.002 P value .526 .609 0.796 .842 .383 .572 Reader 2 Exposed 367.8 ± 9.33 373.6 ± 8.84 392.3 ± 11.17 370.5 ± 10.66 0.984 ± 0.006 1.06 ± 0.009 Control 370.9 ± 9.70 381.9 ± 10.25 380.5 ± 11.59 373.3 ± 11.1 0.972 ± 0.007 1.02 ± 0.009 P value .826 .547 .476 .859 .217 .185 Reader 3 Exposed 389.2 ± 9.79 374.5 ± 8.63 383.6 ± 10.68 356.9 ± 9.06 1.04 ± 0.009 1.07 ± 0.012 Control 386.3 ± 10.14 380.9 ± 10.73 383.5 ± 12.98 365.6 ± 11.67 1.02 ± 0.009 1.05 ± 0.011 P value .839 .642 .996 .555 .101 .134 Reader 4 Exposed 365.3 ± 8.40 372.6 ± 8.71 381.1 ± 9.95 369.9 ± 9.54 0.98 ± 0.006 1.03 ± 0.006 Control 368.3 ± 9.47 378.5 ± 10.28 381.8 ± 10.57 376.3 ± 9.28 0.97 ± 0.005 1.01 ± 0.007 P value .816 .661 .959 .644 .388 .083 Reader 5 Exposed 386.5 ± 9.82 374.9 ± 9.04 392.9 ± 10.64 371.0 ± 9.68 1.03 ± 0.013 1.06 ± 0.006 Control 386.3 ± 10.85 383.4 ± 10.71 385.4 ± 12.47 376.8 ± 11.17 1.01 ± 0.007 1.02 ± 0.009 P value .987 .547 .647 .699 .147 .002 ↵a Values are mean ± standard error of the mean.
