Patterns of Sonographically Detectable Echogenic Foci in Pediatric Thyroid Carcinoma with Corresponding Histopathology: An Observational Study

References

1. 1.↵
   2. Francis GL,
   3. Waguespack SG,
   4. Bauer AJ, et al

   ; American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force. Management Guidelines for Children with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid 2015;25:716–59 doi:10.1089/thy.2014.0460 pmid:25900731

   CrossRefPubMed
2. 2.↵
   2. Haugen B,
   3. Alexander EK,
   4. Bible KC, et al

   . 2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: the American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid 2016;26:1–133 doi:10.1089/thy.2015.0020 pmid:26462967

   CrossRefPubMed
3. 3.↵
   2. Lim-Dunham JE,
   3. Erdem Toslak I,
   4. Alsabban K, et al

   . Ultrasound risk stratification for malignancy using the 2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Children with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Pediatr Radiol 2017;47:429–36 doi:10.1007/s00247-017-3780-6 pmid:28127634

   CrossRefPubMed
4. 4.↵
   2. Grant EG,
   3. Tessler FN,
   4. Hoang JK, et al

   . Thyroid ultrasound reporting lexicon: white paper of the ACR Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) committee. J Am Coll Radiol 2015;12:1272–79 doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2015.07.011 pmid:26419308

   CrossRefPubMed
5. 5.↵
   2. Miller TR,
   3. Bottles K,
   4. Holly EA, et al

   . A step-wise logistic regression analysis of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Acta Cytol 1986;30:285–93 pmid:3459329

   PubMed
6. 6.↵
   2. Bai Y,
   3. Zhou G,
   4. Nakamura M, et al

   . Survival impact of psammoma body, stromal calcification, and bone formation in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2009;22:887–94 doi:10.1038/modpathol.2009.38 pmid:19305382

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
7. 7.↵
   2. Tahvildari AM,
   3. Pan L,
   4. Kong CS, et al

   . Sonographic-pathologic correlation for punctate echogenic reflectors in papillary thyroid carcinoma: what are they? J Ultrasound Med 2016;35:1645–52 doi:10.7863/ultra.15.09048 pmid:27302897

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
8. 8.↵
   2. Moon WJ,
   3. Jung SL,
   4. Lee JH, et al

   ; Thyroid Study Group, Korean Society of Neuro- and Head and Neck Radiology. Benign and malignant thyroid nodules: US differentiation–multicenter retrospective study. Radiology 2008;247:762–70 doi:10.1148/radiol.2473070944 pmid:18403624

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
9. 9.↵
   2. Khoo ML,
   3. Asa SL,
   4. Witterick IJ, et al

   . Thyroid calcification and its association with thyroid carcinoma. Head Neck 2002;24:651–55 doi:10.1002/hed.10115 pmid:12112538

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
10. 10.↵
    2. Moudgil P,
    3. Vellody R,
    4. Heider A, et al

    . Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of pediatric thyroid nodules. Pediatr Radiol 2016;46:365–71 doi:10.1007/s00247-015-3478-6 pmid:26554855

    CrossRefPubMed
11. 11.↵
    2. Beland MD,
    3. Kwon L,
    4. Delellis R a, et al

    . Nonshadowing echogenic foci in thyroid nodules: are certain appearances enough to avoid thyroid biopsy? J Ultrasound Med 2011;30:753–60 doi:10.7863/jum.2011.30.6.753 pmid:21632989

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
12. 12.↵
    2. Malhi H,
    3. Beland MD,
    4. Cen SY, et al

    . Echogenic foci in thyroid nodules: significance of posterior acoustic artifacts. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2014;203:1310–16 doi:10.2214/AJR.13.11934 pmid:25415710

    CrossRefPubMed
13. 13.↵
    2. Tessler FN,
    3. Middleton WD,
    4. Grant EG, et al

    . ACR Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS): white paper of the ACR TI-RADS Committee. J Am Coll Radiol 2017;14:587–95 doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2017.01.046 pmid:28372962

    CrossRefPubMed
14. 14.↵
    2. Cibas ES,
    3. Ali SZ

    . The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology. Am J Clin Pathol 2009;132:658–65 doi:10.1309/AJCPPHLWMI3JV4LA pmid:19846805

    CrossRefPubMed
15. 15.↵
    2. Muradali D,
    3. Colgan T,
    4. Hayeems E, et al

    . Echogenic ovarian foci without shadowing: are they caused by psammomatous calcifications? Radiology 2002;224:429–35 doi:10.1148/radiol.2242911110 pmid:12147839

    CrossRefPubMed
16. 16.↵
    2. Karnak I,
    3. Ardiçli B,
    4. Ekinci S, et al

    . Papillary thyroid carcinoma does not have standard course in children. Pediatr Surg Int 2011;27:931–36 doi:10.1007/s00383-011-2932-2 pmid:21607588

    CrossRefPubMed