Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Representative angiograms of the 3 applied TDBS grades (left side ICA, right side ECA). A and B, TDBS I with weak and marginal contrast of the nidus (arrowheads) by a single meningeal feeder (arrow). C and D, TDBS II with distinct and partial ECA supply. E and F, TDBS III with a strong and substantial nidal filling from the ECA branches.
- Fig 2.
Clinical symptoms in 32 patients with TDBS according to the suggested grading.
- Fig 3.
Clinical symptoms of 32 patients in relation to ICA/ECA flow patterns (low [l] versus high [h]).
- Fig 4.
Flow patterns in 32 patients in correlation with the applied TDBS grading.
- Fig 5.
Representative angiograms of the 3 identified vascular phenotypes of TDBS (left side ICA, right side ECA). A and B, Temple type. C and D, Occipital type. E and F, Transbasal type.
- Fig 6.
Clinical symptoms in 32 patients with TDBS, according to the 3 ECA phenotypes.
Tables
- Table 1:
Suggested grading of TDBS, depending on the proportion and intensity of nidus perfusion
TDBS Grade I II III Proportion of nidus perfusion Marginal Partial Substantial (<5%) (5%–50%) (>50%) Intensity of nidus perfusion Weak Distinct Strong TDBS (No.) (%) No TDBS (No.) (%) Multinomial Logistic Regression P Value Odds Ratio All patients (n = 535) 39 496 Previous AVM treatment 7 (18) 21 (4) Enrolled patients (n = 507) 32 475 Male 10 (31) 260 (55) .004 3.433 Hemorrhage 9 (28) 225 (47) .3 0.968 Seizures 8 (25) 79 (17) .4 1.672 Headache 7 (22) 44 (9) .06 3.024 Other 8 (25) 127 (27) Age (U test) (yr) Mean 46 ± 14 40 ± 18 .07 Range 13–75 2–87 TDBS (No.) (%) No TDBS (No.) (%) Multinomial Logistic Regression P Value Odds Ratio All patients 32 475 Location Supratentorial 27 (84) 399 (84) Infratentorial 5 (16) 76 (16) Size <30 mm 7 (22) 253 (53) <.0001 117.703 >30–60 mm 17 (53) 199 (42) >60 mm 8 (25) 23 (5) .001 16.852 Eloquence 24 (75) 252 (53) .08 4.001 Venous drainage Deep 12 (38) 175 (37) .2 2.268 Spetzler-Ponce class A 9 (28) 250 (53) .04 0.042 B 13 (41) 137 (29) C 10 (31) 88 (18) .03 0.099
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