Measuring Cerebral and Cerebellar Glutathione in Children Using ¹H MEGA-PRESS MRS

References

1. 1.↵
   2. Dringen R

   . Metabolism and functions of glutathione in brain. Prog Neurobiol 2000;62:649–71 doi:10.1016/S0301-0082(99)00060-X pmid:10880854

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
2. 2.↵
   2. Mazzetti AP,
   3. Fiorile MC,
   4. Primavera A, et al

   . Glutathione transferases and neurodegenerative diseases. Neurochem Int 2015;82:10–18 doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2015.01.008 pmid:25661512

   CrossRefPubMed
3. 3.↵
   2. An L,
   3. Dani KA,
   4. Shen J, et al

   ; Natural History of Stroke Investigators. Pilot results of in vivo brain glutathione measurements in stroke patients. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2012;32:2118–21 doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2012.127 pmid:23010948

   CrossRefPubMed
4. 4.↵
   2. Choi IY,
   3. Lee SP,
   4. Denney DR, et al

   . Lower levels of glutathione in the brains of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients measured by 1H magnetic resonance chemical shift imaging at 3 T. Mult Scler 2011;17:289–96 doi:10.1177/1352458510384010 pmid:20921235

   CrossRefPubMed
5. 5.↵
   2. Do KQ,
   3. Trabesinger AH,
   4. Kirsten-Krüger M, et al

   . Schizophrenia: glutathione deficit in cerebrospinal fluid and prefrontal cortex in vivo. Eur J Neurosci 2000;12:3721–28 doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00229.x pmid:11029642

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
6. 6.↵
   2. Matsuzawa D,
   3. Obata T,
   4. Shirayama Y, et al

   . Negative correlation between brain glutathione level and negative symptoms in schizophrenia: a 3T 1H-MRS study. PLoS One 2008;3:e1944 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001944 pmid:18398470

   CrossRefPubMed
7. 7.↵
   2. Srinivasan R,
   3. Ratiney KH,
   4. Hammond-Rosenbluth KE, et al

   . MR spectroscopic imaging of glutathione in the white and gray matter at 7 T with an application to multiple sclerosis. Magn Reson Imaging 2010;28:163–70 doi:10.1016/j.mri.2009.06.008 pmid:19695821

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
8. 8.↵
   2. Aoyama K,
   3. Nakaki T

   . Impaired glutathione synthesis in neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2013;14:21021–44 doi:10.3390/ijms141021021 pmid:24145751

   CrossRefPubMed
9. 9.↵
   2. Sanaei Nezhad F,
   3. Anton A,
   4. Parkes LM, et al

   . Quantification of glutathione in the human brain by MR spectroscopy at 3 Tesla: comparison of PRESS and MEGA-PRESS. Magn Reson Med 2017;78:1257–66 doi:10.1002/mrm.26532 pmid:27797108

   CrossRefPubMed
10. 10.↵
    2. Oz G,
    3. Tkáč I

    . Short-echo, single-shot, full-intensity proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for neurochemical profiling at 4 T: validation in the cerebellum and brainstem. Magn Reson Med 2011;65:901–10 doi:10.1002/mrm.22708 pmid:21413056

    CrossRefPubMed
11. 11.↵
    2. Mekle R,
    3. Mlynárik V,
    4. Gambarota G, et al

    . MR spectroscopy of the human brain with enhanced signal intensity at ultrashort echo times on a clinical platform at 3T and 7T. Magn Reson Med 2009;61:1279–85 doi:10.1002/mrm.21961 pmid:19319893

    CrossRefPubMed
12. 12.↵
    2. Mescher M,
    3. Merkle H,
    4. Kirsch J, et al

    . Simultaneous in vivo spectral editing and water suppression. NMR Biomed 1998;11:266–72 pmid:9802468

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
13. 13.↵
    2. Terpstra M,
    3. Henry PG,
    4. Gruetter R

    . Measurement of reduced glutathione (GSH) in human brain using LCModel analysis of difference-edited spectra. Magn Reson Med 2003;50:19–23 doi:10.1002/mrm.10499 pmid:12815674

    CrossRefPubMed
14. 14.↵
    2. Trabesinger AH,
    3. Weber OH,
    4. Duc CO, et al

    . Detection of glutathione in the human brain in vivo by means of double quantum coherence filtering. Magn Reson Med 1999;42:283–89 pmid:10440953

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
15. 15.↵
    2. Degnan AJ,
    3. Ceschin R,
    4. Lee V, et al

    . Early metabolic development of posteromedial cortex and thalamus in humans analyzed via in vivo quantitative magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Comp Neurol 2014;522:3717–32 doi:10.1002/cne.23634 pmid:24888973

    CrossRefPubMed
16. 16.↵
    2. Kreis R,
    3. Hofmann L,
    4. Kuhlmann B, et al

    . Brain metabolite composition during early human brain development as measured by quantitative in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 2002;48:949–58 doi:10.1002/mrm.10304 pmid:12465103

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
17. 17.↵
    2. An L,
    3. Zhang Y,
    4. Thomasson DM, et al

    . Measurement of glutathione in normal volunteers and stroke patients at 3T using J-difference spectroscopy with minimized subtraction errors. J Magn Reson Imaging 2009;30:263–70 doi:10.1002/jmri.21832 pmid:19629994

    CrossRefPubMed
18. 18.↵
    2. Szeszak S,
    3. Man R,
    4. Love A, et al

    . Animated educational video to prepare children for MRI without sedation: evaluation of the appeal and value. Pediatr Radiol 2016;46:1744–50 doi:10.1007/s00247-016-3661-4 pmid:27568023

    CrossRefPubMed
19. 19.↵
    2. Provencher SW

    . Estimation of metabolite concentrations from localized in vivo proton NMR spectra. Magn Reson Med 1993;30:672–79 doi:10.1002/mrm.1910300604 pmid:8139448

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
20. 20.↵
    2. Wilson M,
    3. Reynolds G,
    4. Kauppinen RA, et al

    . A constrained least-squares approach to the automated quantitation of in vivo ¹H magnetic resonance spectroscopy data. Magn Reson Med 2011;65:1–12 doi:10.1002/mrm.22579 pmid:20878762

    CrossRefPubMed
21. 21.↵
    2. Emir UE,
    3. Auerbach EJ,
    4. Van De Moortele PF, et al

    . Regional neurochemical profiles in the human brain measured by ¹H MRS at 7 T using local B1 shimming. NMR Biomed 2012;25:152–60 doi:10.1002/nbm.1727 pmid:21766380

    CrossRefPubMed
22. 22.↵
    2. Tong J,
    3. Fitzmaurice PS,
    4. Moszczynska A, et al

    . Do glutathione levels decline in aging human brain? Free Radic Biol Med 2016;93:110–17 doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.029 pmid:26845616

    CrossRefPubMed
23. 23.↵
    2. Kang Y,
    3. Viswanath V,
    4. Jha N, et al

    . Brain gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (GCS) mRNA expression patterns correlate with regional-specific enzyme activities and glutathione levels. J Neurosci Res 1999;58:436–41 pmid:10518117

    PubMed
24. 24.↵
    2. Pouwels PJ,
    3. Frahm J

    . Regional metabolite concentrations in human brain as determined by quantitative localized proton MRS. Magn Reson Med 1998;39:53–60 doi:10.1002/mrm.1910390110 pmid:9438437

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
25. 25.↵
    2. Jacobs MA,
    3. Horská A,
    4. van Zijl PC, et al

    . Quantitative proton MR spectroscopic imaging of normal human cerebellum and brain stem. Magn Reson Med 2001;46:699–705 pmid:11590646

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
26. 26.↵
    2. Lecocq A,
    3. Le Fur Y,
    4. Maudsley AA, et al

    . Whole-brain quantitative mapping of metabolites using short echo three-dimensional proton MRSI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015;42:280–89 doi:10.1002/jmri.24809 pmid:25431032

    CrossRefPubMed
27. 27.↵
    2. Cichocka M,
    3. Kozub J,
    4. Karcz P, et al

    . Regional differences in the concentrations of metabolites in the brain of healthy children: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)HMRS) study. Polish J Radiol 2016;81:473–77 doi:10.12659/PJR.897750 pmid:27781072

    CrossRefPubMed
28. 28.↵
    2. Granata F,
    3. Pandolfo G,
    4. Vinci S, et al

    . Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) in chronic schizophrenia: a single-voxel study in three regions involved in a pathogenetic theory. Neuroradiol J 2013;26:277–83 doi:10.1177/197140091302600304 pmid:23859282

    CrossRefPubMed
29. 29.↵
    2. Safriel Y,
    3. Pol-Rodriguez M,
    4. Novotny EJ, et al

    . Reference values for long echo time MR spectroscopy in healthy adults. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2005;26:1439–45 pmid:15956513

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
30. 30.↵
    2. Sabati M,
    3. Sheriff S,
    4. Gu M, et al

    . Multivendor implementation and comparison of volumetric whole-brain echo-planar MR spectroscopic imaging. Magn Reson Med 2015;74:1209–20 doi:10.1002/mrm.25510 pmid:25354190

    CrossRefPubMed
31. 31.↵
    2. Goryawala MZ,
    3. Sheriff S,
    4. Maudsley A

    . Regional distributions of brain glutamate and glutamine in normal subjects. NMR Biomed 2016;29:1108–16 doi:10.1002/nbm.3575 pmid:27351339

    CrossRefPubMed
32. 32.↵
    2. Pouwels PJ,
    3. Brockmann K,
    4. Kruse B, et al

    . Regional age dependence of human brain metabolites from infancy to adulthood as detected by quantitative localized proton MRS. Pediatr Res 1999;46:474–85 doi:10.1203/00006450-199910000-00019 pmid:10509371

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
33. 33.↵
    2. Blüml S,
    3. Wisnowski JL,
    4. Nelson MD Jr., et al

    . Metabolic maturation of the human brain from birth through adolescence: insights from in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Cereb Cortex 2013;23:2944–55 doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs283 pmid:22952278

    CrossRefPubMed
34. 34.↵
    2. Davies NP,
    3. Wilson M,
    4. Harris LM, et al

    . Identification and characterisation of childhood cerebellar tumours by in vivo proton MRS. NMR Biomed 2008;21:908–18 doi:10.1002/nbm.1283 pmid:18613254

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science