Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Flow diagram of included subjects. Of the 29 subjects screened, 24 were included in this study.
- Fig 2.
Axial oblique reformatted 3D-CISS MR imaging at C7 demonstrates the stellate ganglion (arrow) posterior to the subclavian artery (asterisk). The technique of measurement is demonstrated on the patient's left (double-sided arrows). The stellate ganglion was found inferior and anterior to the transverse process of C7 in all patients.
- Fig 3.
Axial oblique CISS MR imaging through the thoracic spine illustrates the sympathetic ganglion (white arrow), rami communicantes (dashed white arrow), and the ventral ramus (black arrow) and intercostal nerve (dashed black arrow).
- Fig 4.
Coronal reformatted CISS through the upper thoracic region demonstrates the relationship of the second thoracic SCG (down arrow) with respect to the first and second ribs. The third SCG (up arrow) is seen just lateral to a venous flow void (arrowhead). The relationship of the SCG to adjacent venous structures is variable.
- Fig 5.
Sagittal oblique CISS through the paravertebral region oriented so that anterior is to the left of the image. The connection of the sympathetic chain ganglia (solid and open arrows) via the sympathetic chain (arrowhead) is visible. The rami communicantes (dashed arrow) are seen in continuity extending posteriorly toward the neural foramina.
Tables
SCG Mean (mm2) SD (mm2) Stellate ganglion 36.76 9.27 T2 13.64 5.60 T3 10.22 2.64 T4 9.24 1.50 T5 8.80 1.07 T6 8.32 0.83 T7 8.05 0.75 T8 7.85 0.80 T9 7.60 0.84 T10 7.33 0.86 Author (Year of Publication) Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) Anatomic/surgical specimen Moore (1954)24 25 10 5 Kiray et al (2005)25 20.6 8.3 3.9 Zhang et al (2009)7 19.3 6.3 Marcer et al (2012)26 18.5 8.17 4.5 MRI-based measurement Hogan and Erickson (1992)3 10 (in largest dimension)
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