Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Case 25, in a 1-month-old infant with right-sided total brachial plexus paralysis with homogeneous periscalene soft tissue at the C5–7 level (arrow) between the anterior (AS) and middle scalene (MS) muscles on a transverse sonographic image (A). The thin arrow and star show the right internal jugular vein and carotid artery, respectively, on image A. B, The transverse scan sonographic image shows the normal interscalene space (black arrow) and nerve roots as hypoechoic oval cross-sections (white arrows) between the AS and MS muscles. The thin arrow and star show left internal jugular vein and carotid artery, respectively, on B. C, Coronal oblique fat-suppressed TSE T2WI shows periscalene soft tissues (arrows) coursing through the right interscalene space at the C5–7 level, findings similar to those in A.
- Fig 2.
Case 20, a 2-month-old female patient with a right brachial plexus birth injury. A, Transverse scan sonography of the interscalene space shows homogeneous echogenicity periscalene soft tissue with fusiform morphology (black arrow) between the anterior (AS) and middle scalene (MS) muscles at the C4–7 level. The white arrow and star show the right internal jugular vein and carotid artery, respectively. B, Coronal oblique fat-suppressed TSE T2WI shows periscalene soft tissues (arrows) coursing through the right interscalene space at the C4–7 level, findings similar to those in A.
- Fig 3.
Case 31, in a 0.5-month-old male patient with right brachial plexus birth injury. C7 root avulsions (arrow) without associated pseudomeningocele were seen in the axial 3D-CISS image (A). Case 42, a 2-month-old female patient with right brachial plexus birth injury. The pseudomeningocele (thick arrow) without associated root avulsion (thin arrows) was seen at the C6–7 level in the axial 3D-CISS image (B).
Tables
Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and diagnostic accuracy of US and MRI in the surgically proven cases
Sensitivity % Specificity % PPV % NPV % Accuracy % For post-ganglionic injury US 84 (66/78) 100 (52/52) 100 (66/66) 81 (52/64) 90 (118/130) MRI 100 (78/78) 100 (52/52) 100 (78/78) 100 (52/52) 100 (130/130) For pre-ganglionic injury MRI 84 (37/44) 96 (83/86) 92 (37/40) 92 (83/90) 92 (120/130) Note:—PPV indicates positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value.
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