Age-Dependent Signal Intensity Changes in the Structurally Normal Pediatric Brain on Unenhanced T1-Weighted MR Imaging

References

1. 1.↵
   2. Kandel ER,
   3. Mack S

   , eds. Principles of Neural Science. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2013
2. 2.↵
   2. Salat DH,
   3. Tuch DS,
   4. Hevelone ND, et al

   . Age-related changes in prefrontal white matter measured by diffusion tensor imaging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005;1064:37–49 doi:10.1196/annals.1340.009 pmid:16394146

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
3. 3.↵
   2. Welker KM,
   3. Patton A

   . Assessment of normal myelination with magnetic resonance imaging. Semin Neurol 2012;32:15–28 doi:10.1055/s-0032-1306382 pmid:22422203

   CrossRefPubMed
4. 4.↵
   2. Tamnes CK,
   3. Ostby Y,
   4. Fjell AM, et al

   . Brain maturation in adolescence and young adulthood: regional age-related changes in cortical thickness and white matter volume and microstructure. Cereb Cortex 2010;20:534–48 doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp118

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
5. 5.↵
   2. Westlye LT,
   3. Walhovd KB,
   4. Dale AM, et al

   . Differentiating maturational and aging-related changes of the cerebral cortex by use of thickness and signal intensity. Neuroimage 2010;52:172–85 doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.03.056 pmid:20347997

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
6. 6.↵
   2. Sowell ER,
   3. Thompson PM,
   4. Toga AW

   . Mapping changes in the human cortex throughout the span of life. Neuroscientist 2004;10:372–92 doi:10.1177/1073858404263960 pmid:15271264

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
7. 7.↵
   2. Paus T,
   3. Collins DL,
   4. Evans AC, et al

   . Maturation of white matter in the human brain: a review of magnetic resonance studies. Brain Res Bull 2001;54:255–66 doi:10.1016/S0361-9230(00)00434-2 pmid:11287130

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
8. 8.↵
   2. Barkovich AJ,
   3. Kjos BO,
   4. Jackson DE, et al

   . Normal maturation of the neonatal and infant brain: MR imaging at 1.5 T. Radiology 1988;166:173–80 doi:10.1148/radiology.166.1.3336675 pmid:3336675

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
9. 9.↵
   2. Cho S,
   3. Jones D,
   4. Reddick WE, et al

   . Establishing norms for age-related changes in proton T1 of human brain tissue in vivo. Magn Reson Med 1997;15:1133–43 doi:10.1016/S0730-725X(97)00202-6

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
10. 10.↵
    2. Dean DC,
    3. O'Muircheartaigh J,
    4. Dirks H, et al

    . Modeling healthy male white matter and myelin development: 3 through 60 months of age. Neuroimage 2014;84:742–52 doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.058 pmid:24095814

    CrossRefPubMed
11. 11.↵
    2. Deoni SCL,
    3. Mercure E,
    4. Blasi A, et al

    . Mapping infant brain myelination with magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosci 2011;31:784–91 doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2106-10.2011 pmid:21228187

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
12. 12.↵
    2. Deoni SCL,
    3. Dean DC,
    4. O'Muircheartaigh J, et al

    . Investigating white matter development in infancy and early childhood using myelin water faction and relaxation time mapping. Neuroimage 2012;63:1038–53 doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.07.037 pmid:22884937

    CrossRefPubMed
13. 13.↵
    2. Gilmore JH,
    3. Shi F,
    4. Woolson SL, et al

    . Longitudinal development of cortical and subcortical gray matter from birth to 2 years. Cereb Cortex 2012;22:2478–85 doi:10.1093/cercor/bhr327 pmid:22109543

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
14. 14.↵
    2. Glasser MF,
    3. Van Essen DC

    . Mapping human cortical areas in vivo based on myelin content as revealed by T1- and T2-weighted MRI. J Neurosci 2011;31:11597–616 doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2180-11.2011 pmid:21832190

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
15. 15.↵
    2. Grydeland H,
    3. Walhovd KB,
    4. Tamnes CK, et al

    . Intracortical myelin links with performance variability across the human lifespan: results from T1- and T2-weighted MRI myelin mapping and diffusion tensor imaging. J Neurosci 2013;33:18618–30 doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2811-13.2013 pmid:24259583

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
16. 16.↵
    2. O'Muircheartaigh J,
    3. Dean DC,
    4. Ginestet CW, et al

    . White matter development and early cognition in babies and toddlers. Hum Brain Mapp 2014;35:4475–87 doi:10.1002/hbm.22488 pmid:24578096

    CrossRefPubMed
17. 17.↵
    2. Shafee R,
    3. Buckner RL,
    4. Fischl B

    . Gray matter myelination of 1555 human brains using partial volume corrected MRI images. Neuroimage 2015;105:473–85 doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.10.054 pmid:25449739

    CrossRefPubMed
18. 18.↵
    2. Sowell ER,
    3. Thompson PM,
    4. Leonard CM, et al

    . Longitudinal mapping of cortical thickness and brain growth in normal children. J Neurosci 2004;24:8223–31 doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1798-04.2004 pmid:15385605

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
19. 19.↵
    2. Travis KE,
    3. Curran MM,
    4. Torres C, et al

    . Age-related changes in tissue signal properties within cortical areas important for word understanding in 12- to 19-month-old infants. Cereb Cortex 2014;24:1948–55 doi:10.1093/cercor/bht052 pmid:23448869

    CrossRefPubMed
20. 20.↵
    2. Deoni SC,
    3. Dean DC,
    4. Remer J, et al

    . Cortical maturation and myelination in healthy toddlers and young children. Neurorimage 2015;115:147–61 doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.058

    CrossRefPubMed
21. 21.↵
    2. Finelli PF,
    3. Singh JU

    . A syndrome of bilateral symmetrical basal ganglia lesions in diabetic dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2014;63:286–88 doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.08.030 pmid:24183109

    CrossRefPubMed
22. 22.↵
    2. Hedge AN,
    3. Mohan S,
    4. Lath N, et al

    . Differential diagnosis for bilateral abnormalities of the basal ganglia and thalamus. Radiographics 2011;31:5–30 doi:10.1148/rg.311105041 pmid:21257930

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
23. 23.↵
    2. Zuccoli G,
    3. Yannes MP,
    4. Nardone R, et al

    . Bilateral symmetrical basal ganglia and thalamic lesions in children: an update (2015). Neuroradiology 2015;57:973–89 doi:10.1007/s00234-015-1568-7 pmid:26227169

    CrossRefPubMed
24. 24.↵
    2. Kanda T,
    3. Ishii K,
    4. Kawaguchi H, et al

    . High signal intensity in the dentate nucleus and globus pallidus on unenhanced T1-weighted MR images: relationship with increasing cumulative dose of a gadolinium-based contrast material. Radiology 2014;270:834–41 doi:10.1148/radiol.13131669 pmid:24475844

    CrossRefPubMed
25. 25.↵
    2. Kanda T,
    3. Matsuda M,
    4. Oba H, et al

    . Gadolinium deposition after contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 2015;277:924–25 doi:10.1148/radiol.2015150697 pmid:26599932

    CrossRefPubMed
26. 26.↵
    2. Flood TF,
    3. Stence NV,
    4. Maloney JA, et al

    . Pediatric brain: repeated exposure to linear gadolinium-based contrast material is associated with increased signal intensity at unenhanced T1-weighted MR imaging. Radiology 2017;282:222–28 doi:10.1148/radiol.2016160356 pmid:27467467

    CrossRefPubMed
27. 27.↵
    2. Radbruch A,
    3. Weberling LD,
    4. Kieslich PJ, et al

    . Gadolinium retention in the dentate nucleus and globus pallidus is dependent on the class of contrast agent. Radiology 2015;275:783–91 doi:10.1148/radiol.2015150337 pmid:25848905

    CrossRefPubMed
28. 28.↵
    2. Ramalho J,
    3. Ramalho M,
    4. AlObaidy M, et al

    . T1 signal-intensity increase in the dentate nucleus after multiple exposures to gadodiamide: intraindividual comparison between 2 commonly used sequences. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016;37:1427–31 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A4757 pmid:27032972

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
29. 29.↵
    2. Blumfield E,
    3. Swenson D,
    4. Ramesh I, et al

    . Gadolinium-based contrast agents review of recent literature on magnetic resonance imaging signal intensity changes and tissue deposits, with emphasis on pediatric patients. Pediatr Radiol 2019;49:448–57 doi:10.1007/s00247-018-4304-8 pmid:30923876

    CrossRefPubMed
30. 30.↵
    2. Deike-Hofman K,
    3. Reuter J,
    4. Haase R, et al

    . Glymphatic pathway of gadolinium-based contrast agents through the brain overlooked and misinterpreted. Invest Radiol 2019;54:229–37 doi:10.1097/RLI.0000000000000533 pmid:30480554

    CrossRefPubMed