Cavum Septum Pellucidum in the General Pediatric Population and Its Relation to Surrounding Brain Structure Volumes, Cognitive Function, and Emotional or Behavioral Problems

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Fig 1.
MR imaging of the cavum septum pellucidum. Coronal T1-weighted MR image (A) and axial T1-weighted MR image (B) show no CSP. C, Coronal T1-weighted MR image (C) and axial T1-weighted MR image (D) demonstrate an enlarged CSP.
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Fig 2.
Distribution of no CSP, normal-variant CSP, and enlarged CSP for the whole sample (n = 936).

Table 1:

Sample characteristics

↵a Low indicates primary school or lower vocational education; medium, intermediate vocational education; high, higher vocational education or university. Missing data on maternal education are 9.5%.
↵b Frequently indicates that the mother drank ≥1 glass per week for at least 2 trimesters. Missing data on alcohol are 7.2%.
↵c Smoking >10 cigarettes per day fluctuated between 3.6% and 5.6% throughout pregnancy, with the highest percentage in the first trimester.41 Missing data on smoking are 3.5%.

Table 2:

ANCOVA for global brain structures^{^a}

	Marginal Mean Volumes (cm³) (SE)		F	Sig.	Partial η²
	Controls (n = 893)	Enlarged CSP (n = 43)	F	Sig.	Partial η²
TBV	1129.09 (4.095)	1167.00 (18.673)	3.93	.05	0.004
Total GMV/TBV	0.63 (0.001)	0.63 (0.003)	2.14	.14	0.002
Total WMV/TBV	0.33 (0.001)	0.34 (0.002)	6.81	.009^{^b}	0.007

Note:—TBV indicates total brain volume; GMV, gray matter volume; WMV, white matter volume; Sig., significance.
↵a Results of the first imputed dataset are reported; ranges of the other datasets can be found in On-line Tables 1 and 2. Covariates are age, sex, ethnicity, maternal education, and CBCL sum score.
↵b Significant after correcting for multiple testing.

Table 3:

ANCOVA for regional brain structures (control vs enlarged CSP)^{^a}

	Marginal Mean Volumes (cm³) (SE)		F	Sig.	Partial η²
	Controls (n = 893)	Enlarged CSP (n = 43)	F	Sig.	Partial η²
Corpus callosum	2.71 (0.012)	2.86 (0.055)	6.79	.009^{^b}	0.007
Lateral ventricles	8.94 (0.172)	7.49 (0.786)	3.22	.07	0.003
Thalamus	14.12 (0.036)	14.69 (0.165)	11.21	.001^{^b}	0.012
Hippocampus	8.03 (0.024)	7.94 (0.111)	0.67	.41	0.001
Amygdala	3.17 (0.014)	3.04 (0.062)	4.48	.04	0.005
Caudate nucleus	8.44 (0.032)	8.30 (0.148)	0.91	.34	0.001

Note:—Sig. indicates significance.
↵a Results of the first imputed dataset are reported; ranges of the other datasets can be found in On-line Tables 1 and 2. Covariates are age, sex, ethnicity, total brain volume, maternal education, and CBCL sum score.
↵b Significant after correcting for multiple testing.