Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Manganese uptake in intracranial and extracranial structures. Images from healthy volunteer 1 and healthy volunteer 2 show manganese enhancement on T1-weighted images. Time points for the anterior pituitary, lacrimal, parotid, and submandibular glands were at 5 minutes, 2 days, 7 days, and 30 days after mangafodipir administration; for the choroid plexus and sublingual gland, postmangafodipir time points were at 1 hour, 2 days, 7 days, and 30 days.
- Fig 2.
Kinetics of manganese enhancement in selected intracranial and extracranial structures. Quantification of T1-weighted signal intensity, normalized to the corpus callosum and measured as a fold change relative to baseline in healthy volunteers (n = 8). Each dot represents a scan at the specified time point; in some cases, a single individual had several scans within the same time window. The population mean and standard error are also shown. All structures enhanced at P < .05.
- Fig 3.
T1-weighted signal does not change in the basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, or whole brain after mangafodipir administration. Quantification of T1-weighted signal intensity, normalized to the corpus callosum and measured as a fold change relative to baseline in healthy volunteers (n = 8), in selected brain structures. Each dot represents a scan at the specified time point, summarized as mean ± standard error.
- Fig 4.
Manganese enhances brain structures in a different manner compared with gadolinium. Upper row, Gadolinium induces homogeneous enhancement of the choroid plexus (arrows), posterior falx cerebri (asterisk), and pineal gland (arrowhead). On the other hand, mangafodipir enhances the choroid glomus in a heterogeneous manner. Lower row, Gadolinium induces enhancement of the anterior pituitary gland (arrow), cavernous sinus (arrowheads), and internal carotid arteries (asterisks), whereas mangafodipir selectively enhances the pituitary gland. Note the enhancement of the vasculature with gadolinium but not with manganese. Images were obtained ∼20 minutes after gadolinium administration and ∼1 hour after mangafodipir administration. Gadolinium images were acquired before enrollment in this protocol as a part of other National Institutes of Health MR imaging studies.
Tables
Healthy volunteer study protocol
Screening Baseline Hours 0–2 Hour 4 Hour 6 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Total Scans HV1 B B B B B 5 HV2 B B B B 4 HV3 B B B B B B 6 HV4 B B B B B B 6 HV5 HP, BW, B B + mangafodipir B B B B BW B BW B, BW B, BW 7 HV6 B B 2 HV7 B B B B, BW B, BW 5 HV8 B B B B, BW 4 HV9 B B B B 4 Note:—HV indicates healthy volunteer; HP, history and physical; BW, blood work; B, brain MRI.
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