Carotid Stenting and Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke and Tandem Occlusions: Antithrombotic Treatment and Functional Outcome

References

1. 1.↵
   1. Ferguson Gary G,
   2. Eliasziw M,
   3. Barr Hugh WK, et al

   . The North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial. Stroke 1999;30:1751–58 doi:10.1161/01.str.30.9.1751 pmid:10471419

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
2. 2.↵
   1. Goyal M,
   2. Demchuk AM,
   3. Menon BK, et al

   . Randomized assessment of rapid endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2015;372:1019–30 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1414905 pmid:25671798

   CrossRefPubMed
3. 3.↵
   1. Rubiera M,
   2. Ribo M,
   3. Delgado-Mederos R, et al

   . Tandem internal carotid artery/middle cerebral artery occlusion: an independent predictor of poor outcome after systemic thrombolysis. Stroke 2006;37:2301–05 doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000237070.80133.1d pmid:16888266

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
4. 4.↵
   1. Powers WJ,
   2. Rabinstein AA,
   3. Ackerson T, et al

   . Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: 2019 Update to the 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke—A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2019;50:e344–418 doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000211 pmid:31662037

   CrossRefPubMed
5. 5.↵
   1. Kim YS,
   2. Garami Z,
   3. Mikulik R, et al

   . Early recanalization rates and clinical outcomes in patients with tandem internal carotid artery/middle cerebral artery occlusion and isolated middle cerebral artery occlusion. Stroke 2005;36:869–71 doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000160007.57787.4c pmid:15746449

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
6. 6.↵
   1. Goyal M,
   2. Menon BK,
   3. van Zwam WH, et al

   . Endovascular thrombectomy after large-vessel ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomised trials. Lancet 2016;387:1723–31 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00163-X pmid:26898852

   CrossRefPubMed
7. 7.↵
   1. Bracard S,
   2. Ducrocq X,
   3. Mas JL, et al

   ; THRACE Investigators. Mechanical thrombectomy after intravenous alteplase versus alteplase alone after stroke (THRACE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2016;15:1138–47 doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(16)30177-6 pmid:27567239

   CrossRefPubMed
8. 8.↵
   1. Berkhemer OA,
   2. Fransen PSS,
   3. Beumer D, et al

   ; MR CLEAN Investigators. A randomized trial of intraarterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2015;372:11–20 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1411587 pmid:25517348

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
9. 9.↵
   1. Campbell BC,
   2. Mitchell PJ,
   3. Kleinig TJ, et al

   . Endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke with perfusion-imaging selection. N Engl J Med 2015;372:1009–18 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1414792 pmid:25671797

   CrossRefPubMed
10. 10.↵
    1. Jovin TG,
    2. Chamorro A,
    3. Cobo E, et al

    ; REVASCAT Trial Investigators. Thrombectomy within 8 hours after symptom onset in ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2015;372:2296–2306 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1503780 pmid:25882510

    CrossRefPubMed
11. 11.↵
    1. Saver JL,
    2. Goyal M,
    3. Bonafe A, et al

    . Stent-retriever thrombectomy after intravenous t-PA vs. t-PA alone in stroke. N Engl J Med 2015;372:2285–95 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1415061 pmid:30575465

    CrossRefPubMed
12. 12.↵
    1. Wilson MP,
    2. Murad MH,
    3. Krings T, et al

    . Management of tandem occlusions in acute ischemic stroke - intracranial versus extracranial first and extracranial stenting versus angioplasty alone: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurointerv Surg 2018;10:721–28 doi:10.1136/neurintsurg-2017-013707 pmid:29523749

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
13. 13.↵
    1. Assis Z,
    2. Menon BK,
    3. Goyal M, et al

    . Acute ischemic stroke with tandem lesions: technical endovascular management and clinical outcomes from the ESCAPE trial. J NeuroInterv Surg 2018;10:429–33 doi:10.1136/neurintsurg-2017-013316 pmid:29021311

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
14. 14.↵
    1. Sadeh-Gonik U,
    2. Tau N,
    3. Friehmann T, et al

    . Thrombectomy outcomes for acute stroke patients with anterior circulation tandem lesions: a clinical registry and an update of a systematic review with meta-analysis. Eur J Neurol 2018;25:693–700 doi:10.1111/ene.13577 pmid:29350803

    CrossRefPubMed
15. 15.↵
    1. Li W,
    2. Chen Z,
    3. Dai Z, et al

    . Management of acute tandem occlusions: stent-retriever thrombectomy with emergency stenting or angioplasty. J Int Med Res 2018;46:2578–86 doi:10.1177/0300060518765310 pmid:29726291

    CrossRefPubMed
16. 16.↵
    1. Zhu F,
    2. Bracard S,
    3. Anxionnat R, et al

    . Impact of emergent cervical carotid stenting in tandem occlusion strokes treated by thrombectomy: a review of the TITAN collaboration. Front Neurol 2019;10:206 doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00206 pmid:30915023

    CrossRefPubMed
17. 17.↵
    1. Jadhav AP,
    2. Zaidat OO,
    3. Liebeskind DS, et al

    . Emergent management of tandem lesions in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2019;50:428–33 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.021893 pmid:30580729

    CrossRefPubMed
18. 18.↵
    1. Papanagiotou P,
    2. Haussen DC,
    3. Turjman F, et al

    ; TITAN Investigators. Carotid stenting with antithrombotic agents and intracranial thrombectomy leads to the highest recanalization rate in patients with acute stroke with tandem lesions. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2018;11:1290–99 doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2018.05.036 pmid:29976365

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
19. 19.↵
    1. Jacquin G,
    2. Poppe AY,
    3. Labrie M, et al

    . Lack of consensus among stroke experts on the optimal management of patients with acute tandem occlusion. Stroke 2019;50:1254–56 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.023758 pmid:30890115

    CrossRefPubMed
20. 20.↵
    1. van de Graaf RA,
    2. Chalos V,
    3. Del Zoppo GJ, et al

    . Periprocedural antithrombotic treatment during acute mechanical thrombectomy for ischemic stroke: a systematic review. Front Neurol 2018;9:238 doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00238 pmid:29713305

    CrossRefPubMed
21. 21.↵
    1. Blassiau A,
    2. Gawlitza M,
    3. Manceau PF, et al

    . Mechanical thrombectomy for tandem occlusions of the internal carotid artery: results of a conservative approach for the extracranial lesion. Front Neurol 2018;9:928 doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00928 pmid:30455664

    CrossRefPubMed
22. 22.↵
    Thrombectomy in TANdem Occlusion. NCT03978988. 2020. clinicaltrials.gov. Accessed April 4, 2020
23. 23.↵
    1. Wilson JT,
    2. Hareendran A,
    3. Grant M, et al

    . Improving the assessment of outcomes in stroke: use of a structured interview to assign grades on the modified Rankin Scale. Stroke 2002;33:2243–46 doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000027437.22450.BD pmid:12215594

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
24. 24.↵
    1. Lyden P

    . Using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale: a cautionary tale. Stroke 2017;48:513–19 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.015434 pmid:28077454

    FREE Full Text
25. 25.↵
    1. Pexman JH,
    2. Barber PA,
    3. Hill MD, et al

    . Use of the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) for assessing CT scans in patients with acute stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2001;22:1534–42 pmid:11559501

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
26. 26.↵
    1. Adams HP Jr.,
    2. Bendixen BH,
    3. Kappelle LJ, et al

    . Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke: definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial—TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke 1993;24:35–41 doi:10.1161/01.STR.24.1.35 pmid:7678184

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
27. 27.↵
    1. Zaidat OO,
    2. Yoo AJ,
    3. Khatri P, et al

    ; STIR Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) Task Force. Recommendations on angiographic revascularization grading standards for acute ischemic stroke: a consensus statement. Stroke 2013;44:2650–63 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.001972 pmid:23920012

    FREE Full Text
28. 28.↵
    1. Hacke W,
    2. Kaste M,
    3. Bluhmki E, et al

    . Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1317–29 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0804656 pmid:18815396

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
29. 29.↵
    1. Zhu F,
    2. Anadani M,
    3. Labreuche J, et al

    ; TITAN Investigators. Impact of antiplatelet therapy during endovascular therapy for tandem occlusions: a collaborative pooled analysis. Stroke 2020;51:1522–29 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.028231 pmid:32188367

    CrossRefPubMed
30. 30.↵
    1. von Kummer R,
    2. Broderick JP,
    3. Campbell BC, et al

    . The Heidelberg Bleeding Classification: classification of bleeding events after ischemic stroke and reperfusion therapy. Stroke 2015;46:2981–86 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.010049 pmid:26330447

    FREE Full Text
31. 31.↵
    1. Nahab F,
    2. Walker GA,
    3. Dion JE, et al

    . Safety of periprocedural heparin in acute ischemic stroke endovascular therapy: the multi MERCI trial. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2012;21:790–93 doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2011.04.009 pmid:21640610

    CrossRefPubMed
32. 32.↵
    1. Gory B,
    2. Haussen DC,
    3. Piotin M

    ; et al; TITAN investigators. Impact of intravenous thrombolysis and emergent carotid stenting on reperfusion and clinical outcomes in patients with acute stroke with tandem lesion treated with thrombectomy: a collaborative pooled analysis. Eur J Neurol 2018;25:1115–20 doi:10.1111/ene.13633 pmid:29575634

    CrossRefPubMed
33. 33.↵
    1. Nahab F,
    2. Kass-Hout T,
    3. Shaltoni HM

    . Periprocedural antithrombotic strategies in acute ischemic stroke interventional therapy. Neurology 2012;79:S174–81 doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31826959af pmid:23008395

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
34. 34.↵
    1. Winningham MJ,
    2. Haussen DC,
    3. Nogueira RG, et al

    . Periprocedural heparin use in acute ischemic stroke endovascular therapy: the TREVO 2 trial. J Neurointerv Surg 2018;10:611–14 doi:10.1136/neurintsurg-2017-013441 pmid:29089415

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
35. 35.↵
    1. Zhu F,
    2. Piotin M,
    3. Steglich-Arnholm H, et al

    ; TITAN (Thrombectomy In TANdem Lesions) Investigators. Periprocedural heparin during endovascular treatment of tandem lesions in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a propensity score analysis from TITAN registry. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2019;42:1160–67 doi:10.1007/s00270-019-02251-4 pmid:31152229

    CrossRefPubMed
36. 36.↵
    1. Sallustio F,
    2. Motta C,
    3. Merolla S, et al

    . Heparin during endovascular stroke treatment seems safe. J Neuroradiol 2019;46:373–77 doi:10.1016/j.neurad.2019.01.095 pmid:30772368

    CrossRefPubMed
37. 37.↵
    1. Anadani M,
    2. Spiotta AM,
    3. Alawieh A, et al

    ; on behalf of the TITAN (Thrombectomy In TANdem Lesions) Investigators. Emergent carotid stenting plus thrombectomy after thrombolysis in tandem strokes: analysis of the TITAN registry. Stroke 2019;50:2250–52 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.024733 pmid:31577899

    CrossRefPubMed
38. 38.↵
    1. Zhu F,
    2. Labreuche J,
    3. Haussen DC

    , t et al. the TITAN (Thrombectomy in Tandem Lesions) Investigators. Hemorrhagic transformation after thrombectomy for tandem occlusions: incidence, predictors, and clinical implications. Stroke 2019;50:516–19 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.023689 pmid:30580731

    CrossRefPubMed
39. 39.↵
    1. Yilmaz U,
    2. Körner H,
    3. Mühl-Benninghaus R, et al

    . Acute occlusions of dual-layer carotid stents after endovascular emergency treatment of tandem lesions. Stroke 2017;48:2171–75 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.015965 pmid:28679854

    Abstract/FREE Full Text