Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1.
Ground truth infarct labels with the hyperintensified regions in the DWI and FLAIR identifying infarct. Default, CBV, and CBF Vitrea perfusion analysis demonstrates infarct as red and penumbra as yellow, while RAPID perfusion analysis represents infarct as pink and penumbra as green. For this nonintervention case, there is agreement between Vitrea and RAPID infarct volumes and their respective locations within the MR imaging scans. Final infarct volumes for each MR imaging method and CTP software (summation of infarct and penumbra due to it being a nonintervention case) are as follows: DWI = 135.0 mL, FLAIR = 167.6 mL, default Vitrea = 132.4 mL, CBV Vitrea = 141.2 mL, CBF Vitrea = 115.3 mL, RAPID = 176.0 mL.
- FIG 2.
Correlation between final DWI and FLAIR infarct and predicted CTP infarct volumes for the default CTP software. A and B, Relationship between final (FLAIR and DWI) and predicted infarct volumes for intervention cases. C and D, The same relationship for nonintervention cases.
Tables
Characteristic All (n = 105) Endovascular Intervention (n = 55) Nonintervention (n = 50) Male sex (%) 46.7% (49/105) 50.9% (28/55) 42.0% (21/50) P = .36 Age (mean) (yr) 67.1 ± 14.7 64.8 ± 16.3 69.6 ± 12.6 P = .09 NIHSS score (median) (IQR) 11.0 (6.0–17.0) 12.0 (9.0–19.0) 6.5 (4.0–14.8) P = .003 Site of occlusion Middle cerebral artery 72.4% (76/105) 76.3% (42/55) 68.0% (34/50) P = .34 Posterior cerebral artery 12.4% (13/105) 7.3% (4/55) 18.0% (9/50) P = .10 Internal carotid artery 11.4% (12/105) 10.9% (6/55) 12.0% (6/50) P = .63 Basilar artery 3.8% (4/105) 5.5% (3/55) 2.0% (1/50) P = .36 Time from onset of stroke to perfusion imaging (median) (IQR) (min) 267.0 (116.0–710.0) 171.0 (91.0–364.0) 629.0 (147.5–976.8) P < .001 Time from onset of stroke to reperfusion (median) (IQR) (min) – 243.0 (157.5–526.0) – Time from perfusion imaging to recanalization (median) (IQR) (min) – 64.0 (52.0–104.0) – Default Vitrea infarct volume (median) (IQR) (mL) 6.7 (2.0–24.0) 4.7 (1.3–19.4) 6.8 (3.3–25.4) CBV Vitrea infarct volume (median) (IQR) (mL) 6.5 (1.0–17.3) 4.0 (0.7–15.9) 8.5 (3.2–21.0) CBF Vitrea infarct volume (median) (IQR) (mL) 2.5 (0.1–15.4) 0.3 (0.0–8.4) 6.6 (1.4–18.4) RAPID infarct volume (median) (IQR) (mL) 6.0 (0.0–17.0) 0.0 (0.0–16.5) 28.0 (4.0–90.0) Posttreatment reperfusion TICI 2b – 38.2% (21/55) – TICI 2c – 25.5% (14/55) – TICI 3 – 36.4% (20/55) – Final FLAIR MR imaging infarct volume (median) (IQR) (mL) 9.8 (3.2–25.1) 11.8 (4.4–32.4) 7.4 (2.7–18.4) Final DWI MR imaging infarct volume (median) (IQR) (mL) 9.8 (2.3–25.7) 11.8 (3.2–36.0) 6.7 (2.0–17.7) Note:—IQR indicates interquartile range; –, indicates data that was not obtained for the nonintervention patients and that cannot be quantified for all patients.
- Table 2:
Mean difference and MAE between final infarct using DWI and FLAIR and predicted infarct using CTP software
Parameter/Final Infarct Predictor Perfusion Software Endovascular Intervention Nonintervention Mean infarct difference (mL) DWI Default Vitrea 4.7 –2.6 CBV Vitrea 9.7 –0.3 CBF Vitrea 14.1 1.4 RAPID 7.5 –51.5 FLAIR Default Vitrea 4.1 –0.4 CBV Vitrea 9.1 1.9 CBF Vitrea 13.5 3.6 RAPID 6.9 –49.3 Mean absolute error (mL) DWI Default Vitrea 13.0 9.6 CBV Vitrea 13.6 12.8 CBF Vitrea 20.5 9.1 RAPID 14.5 53.1 FLAIR Default Vitrea 12.7 10.9 CBV Vitrea 13.4 13.3 CBF Vitrea 20.3 10.9 RAPID 14.7 51.1 - Table 3:
Spearman correlation coefficients between predicted CTP infarct and final DWI and FLAIR infarct
Parameter/Final Infarct Predictor Perfusion Software Endovascular Intervention Nonintervention Spearman correlation coefficient DWI Default Vitrea 0.72 0.71 CBV Vitrea 0.71 0.58 CBF Vitrea 0.53 0.67 RAPID 0.75 0.65 FLAIR Default Vitrea 0.77 0.76 CBV Vitrea 0.72 0.64 CBF Vitrea 0.53 0.69 RAPID 0.75 0.68
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