Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1.
Patient flow diagram. CV indicates cerebral vasoconstriction; +, presence; −, absence.
- FIG 2.
Two representative cases of vasoconstriction after revascularization therapy (A and B, patient 10; C and D, patient 24). A, On prestenting angiography, the distal branches of the left MCA are marked with black arrowheads, and the left ACA is invisible due to decreased cerebral blood flow. B, On poststenting angiography, these segments appear to be constricted (white arrowheads). The left ACA is visible, and the narrowed (believed to be constricted) segments are also observed in the left ACA. C and D, A superior division branch of the left MCA is marked with black arrows. C, An inferior division branch (arrowheads) on the angiography image before stent placement. D, On poststenting angiography, those branches are showing a narrowing and dilation appearance, and the narrowed (believed to be constricted) segments are marked with a white arrow and white arrowhead, respectively. Vasoconstriction phenomenon can be seen in arteries other than the marked branches. There is notable discrepancy of full/filling phase on pre- and poststenting angiography images, especially when compared with the external carotid artery filling. Note:—ACA indicates anterior cerebral artery.
Tables
Previous cases of CV after CAS
Study Age (y) Sex Laterality Onset from CAS Infarction Outcome Arai et al7 72 M R 13 h Present No deficit Shiraga et al12 62 M R 1.5 days Present No deficit Soltanolkotabi et al11 49 F L 14 days Present No deficit Aghaebrahim et al8 60 M R 1 mo Not available No deficit Watanabe et al9 74 M R 17 days Present No deficit Higashi et al10 73 M L Immediately Present Right hemiparesis, higher brain dysfunction Note:—CV indicates cerebral vasoconstriction; R, right; L, left.
