Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Sagittal midline T1WI from a brain MR imaging with normal findings in a 17-year-old adolescent girl with retroauricular pain depicting the normal thalamic MI centered in the anterior/superior portion of the third ventricle (arrow).
- Fig 2.
Sagittal midline T1WI from a brain MR imaging with normal findings in an 11-year-old girl with headache, showing a normal MI with part of its superior and posterior margin volume averaged with the medial thalami in a patient with a small third ventricle (large arrow). This appearance has the potential to compromise MI evaluation both qualitatively and quantitatively. However, a faint marginal distinction is often seen when carefully analyzed (small arrow).
- Fig 3.
Sagittal midline T1WI demonstrating MI absence in association with multiple additional midline abnormalities, including marked enlargement of the fourth ventricle/posterior fossa and under-rotation of a hypoplastic/dysplastic vermis (Dandy-Walker malformation), hypoplasia of the anterior commissure (arrow), pontine hypoplasia, and agenesis of the corpus callosum.
- Fig 4.
Sagittal midline T1WI showing MI absence in association with multiple additional midline abnormalities in a patient with septopreoptic holoprosencephaly. Additional findings include agenesis of the corpus callosum, interhypothalamic adhesion (small straight arrow), tectal dysplasia (small curved arrow), and hypoplasia of the vermis (long straight arrow).
- Fig 5.
Sagittal midline T2WI from a patient with diencephalic-mesencephalic junction dysplasia showing a thickened thalamic massa intermedia connected to the midbrain (arrow). The midbrain is dysplastic with associated aqueductal stenosis and consequent hydrocephalus.
- Fig 6.
Sagittal midline T1WI depicting MI thinning/hypoplasia in a patient with Aicardi syndrome (arrow). Other findings include callosal dysgenesis and a pericallosal arachnoid cyst (star).
Tables
Demographic and structural variables in healthy and midline abnormality groups
Healthy Group (Avg ± SD) Midline Group (Avg ± SD) Total (Avg ± SD) P Age (yr) 11.7 ± 5.3 4.1 ± 5.5 7.9 ± 6.6 .001 Sex n = 55 f (52%) n = 52 f (50%) n = 107 f (51%) .78 MI present n = 92 (88%) n = 62 (60%) n = 154 (74%) .001 Morphology n = 89 (n); 3(T) n = 45 (n); 10(T); 7(t) n = 134 (n); 13(T); 7(t) .001 tr (mm) 1.5 ± 0.2 2 ± 0.2 1.7 ± 1 .002 ap (mm) 7.3 ± 2.3 6.8 ± 3.9 7 ± 3.1 .144 cc (mm) 6.7 ± 5.6 6.1 ± 3.5 6.4 ± 4.9 .202 Area (mm2) 42.9 ± 23.9 44.2 ± 48.9 43.2 ± 35.9 .458 Location n = 84 (a/s); 6 (p/s); 2 (p/i) n = 34 (a/s); 14 (p/s); 3 (p/i); 1 (a/i); 10 (all) n = 118 (a/s); 20 (p/s); 5 (p/i); 1 (a/i); 10 (all) .001 CC present n = 105 (100%) n = 70 (68%) n = 175 (84%) .001 Morphology n = 105 (n) n = 13 (n); 6 (h); 46 (h/d); 5 (d) n = 118 (n); 6 (h); 46 (h/); (5d) .001 Length (mm) 68.2 ± 7.6 39.9 ± 21.5 57 ± 20.2 .001 Genu (mm) 10.5 ± 2 7.4 ± 10 9.3 ± 6.6 .007 Body (mm) 5.7 ± 1.2 3.5 ± 2.2 4.9 ± 1.9 .001 Splen (mm) 10.3 ± 2 4.7 ± 2.9 8.4 ± 3.6 .001 Area (mm2) 546 ± 129 214 ± 199 415 ± 228 .001 AC present n = 105 (100%) n = 101 (98%) n = 206 (99%) .151 Morphology n = 105 (n) n = 41 (n); 53 (h); 7 (T) n = 146 (n); 53 (h); 7 (T) .001 tr (mm) 1.8 ± 0.4 3.9 ± 1.5 2.8 ± 1.5 .001 ap (mm) 2.6 ± 0.7 1.7 ± 1.1 2.2 ± 1 .001 cc (mm) 3.5 ± 1 2.2 ± 1.3 2.9 ± 1.3 .001 Area (mm2) 8.1 ± 3.8 4.4 ± 5.1 6.3 ± 4.9 .001 Septum pellucidum n = 96 (n); 9 (c) n = 13 (n); 7 (c); 47 (a); 36 (h) n = 109 (n); 16 (c); 47 (a); 36 (h) .001 Fornix n = 105 (n) n = 36 (n); 25 (a); 42 (h) n = 141 (n); 25 (a); 42 (h) .001 Hypothalamus n = 105 (n) n = 84 (n); 19 (IHA) n = 189 (n); 19 (IHA) .001 Hippocampus n = 87 (n); 18 (u) n = 11 (n); 88 (u); 2 (d); 2 (mts) n = 98 (n); 106 (u); 2 (d); 2 (mts) .001 Brain stem n = 105 (n) n = 67 (n); 18 (h); 18 (d) n = 172 (n); 18 (h); 18 (d) .001 Vermis n = 105 (n) n = 77 (n); 15 (h); 11 (d) n = 182 (n); 15 (h); 11 (d) .001 3rd Ventricle (mm) 2.8 ± 0.9 5.5 ± 3.3 4.1 ± 2.8 .001 Note:—Avg indicates average; tr, transverse diameter; ap, anteroposterior diameter; cc, craniocaudal diameter; CC, corpus callosum; Splen, splenium; AC, anterior commissure; n, normal; T, thick; t, thin; a/s, anterior/superior quadrant of 3rd ventricle; a/i, anterior-inferior; p/s, posterior-superior; p/i, posterior-inferior; all, all quadrants; h, hypoplastic; h/d, hypogenetic ± dysgenetic; d, dysgenetic/dysplastic; c, cavum; a, absent; IHA, interhypothalamic adhesion; u, under-rotated; mts, hippocampal sclerosis; f, female.
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