Spinal Vascular Shunts: A Patterned Approach

References

1. 1.↵
   1. Bao Y,
   2. Ling F

   . Classification and therapeutic modalities of spinal vascular malformations in 80 patients. Neurosurgery 1997;40:75–81 doi:10.1097/00006123-199701000-00017 pmid:8971827

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
2. 2.↵
   1. Singh R,
   2. Lucke-Wold B,
   3. Gyure K, et al

   . A review of vascular abnormalities of the spine. Ann Vasc Med Res2016;3:1045 pmid:28191502

   PubMed
3. 3.↵
   1. Endo T,
   2. Endo H,
   3. Sato K, et al

   . Surgical and endovascular treatment for spinal arteriovenous malformations. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2016;56:457–64 doi:10.2176/nmc.ra.2015-0327 pmid:26948701

   CrossRefPubMed
4. 4.↵
   1. Flores BC,
   2. Klinger DR,
   3. White JA, et al

   . Spinal vascular malformations: treatment strategies and outcome. Neurosurg Rev 2017;40:15–28 doi:10.1007/s10143-016-0713-z pmid:27075861

   CrossRefPubMed
5. 5.↵
   1. Di Chiro GJ,
   2. Doppman L,
   3. Ommaya AK

   1. Di Chiro GJ,
   2. Doppman L,
   3. Ommaya AK

   . Radiology of spinal cord arteriovenous malformations. In: Di Chiro GJ, Doppman L, Ommaya AK. Progress in Neurological Surgery. Karger Publishers; 1971;4:329–54 doi:10.1159/000391825

   CrossRef
6. 6.↵
   1. Heros RC,
   2. Debrun GM,
   3. Ojemann RG, et al

   . Direct spinal arteriovenous fistula: a new type of spinal AVM. J Neurosurg 1986;64:134–39 doi:10.3171/jns.1986.64.1.0134 pmid:3941336

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
7. 7.↵
   1. Gueguen B,
   2. Merland JJ,
   3. Riche MC, et al

   . Vascular malformations of the spinal cord: intrathecal perimedullary arteriovenous fistulas fed by medullary arteries. Neurology 1987;37:969–79 doi:10.1212/wnl.37.6.969 pmid:3587648

   CrossRefPubMed
8. 8.↵
   1. Spetzler RF,
   2. Detwiler PW,
   3. Riina HA, et al

   . Modified classification of spinal cord vascular lesions. J Neurosurg 2002;96:145–56 doi:10.3171/spi.2002.96.2.0145 pmid:12450276

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
9. 9.↵
   1. Zozulya YP,
   2. Slin’ko EI,
   3. Al-Qashqish II

   . Spinal arteriovenous malformations: new classification and surgical treatment. Neurosurg Focus 2006;20:E7 doi:10.3171/foc.2006.20.5.8 pmid:16711664

   CrossRefPubMed
10. 10.↵
    1. Takai K

    . Spinal arteriovenous shunts: angioarchitecture and historical changes in classification. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2017;57:356–65 doi:10.2176/nmc.ra.2016-0316 pmid:28515372

    CrossRefPubMed
11. 11.↵
    1. Krings T,
    2. Mull M,
    3. Gilsbach JM, et al

    . Spinal vascular malformations. Eur Radiol 2005;15:267–78 doi:10.1007/s00330-004-2510-2 pmid:15538580

    CrossRefPubMed
12. 12.↵
    1. Ferch RD,
    2. Morgan MK,
    3. Sears WR

    . Spinal arteriovenous malformations: a review with case illustrations. J Clin Neurosci 2001;8:299–304 doi:10.1054/jocn.2000.0914 pmid:11437566

    CrossRefPubMed
13. 13.↵
    1. Krings T,
    2. Geibprasert S

    . Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009;30:639–48 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A1485 pmid:19213818

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
14. 14.↵
    1. Higano S

    . Magnetic resonance imaging of spinal vascular lesions. Neurovascular Imaging. London: Springer; 2011:487–505
15. 15.↵
    1. Gross BA,
    2. Du R

    . Spinal pial (type IV) arteriovenous fistulae: a systematic pooled analysis of demographics, hemorrhage risk, and treatment results. Neurosurgery 2013;73:141–51 doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000429848.91707.73 pmid:23615108

    CrossRefPubMed
16. 16.↵
    1. Gross BA,
    2. Du R

    . Spinal juvenile (type III) extradural-intradural arteriovenous malformations. J Neurosurg Spine 2014;20:452–58 doi:10.3171/2014.1.SPINE13498 pmid:24527826

    CrossRefPubMed
17. 17.↵
    1. Kalani MA,
    2. Choudhri O,
    3. Gibbs IC, et al

    . Stereotactic radiosurgery for intramedullary spinal arteriovenous malformations. J Clin Neurosci 2016;29:162–67 doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2015.12.005 pmid:26869363

    CrossRefPubMed
18. 18.↵
    1. Singh B,
    2. Behari S,
    3. Jaiswal AK, et al

    . Spinal arteriovenous malformations: is surgery indicated? Asian J Neurosurg 2016;11:134 doi:10.4103/1793-5482.177663

    CrossRef
19. 19.↵
    1. Eddleman CS,
    2. Jeong H,
    3. Cashen TA, et al

    . Advanced noninvasive imaging of spinal vascular malformations. Neurosurg Focus 2009;26:E9 doi:10.3171/FOC.2009.26.1.E9 pmid:19119895

    CrossRefPubMed
20. 20.↵
    1. Sorenson T,
    2. Giordan E,
    3. Cannizzaro D, et al

    . Surgical ligation of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2018;160:191–94 doi:10.1007/s00701-017-3381-z pmid:29138973

    CrossRefPubMed
21. 21.↵
    1. Goyal A,
    2. Cesare J,
    3. Lu VM, et al

    . Outcomes following surgical versus endovascular treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019;90:1139–46 doi:10.1136/jnnp-2019-320648 pmid:31142659

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
22. 22.↵
    1. Mourier KL,
    2. Gobin YP,
    3. George B, et al

    . Intradural perimedullary arteriovenous fistulae: results of surgical and endovascular treatment in a series of 35 cases. Neurosurgery 1993;32:885–91 doi:10.1227/00006123-199306000-00001 pmid:8327088

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
23. 23.↵
    1. Connolly E Jr.,
    2. Zubay GP,
    3. McCormick PC, et al

    . The posterior approach to a series of glomus (type II) intramedullary spinal cord arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery 1998;42:774–84 doi:10.1097/00006123-199804000-00057 pmid:9574642

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
24. 24.↵
    1. Samonenko YM,
    2. Shchehlov DV,
    3. Sviridyuk OE, et al

    . Endovascular and microsurgical treatment for spinal arteriovenous malformations: our experience. Endovasc Neuroradiol 2019;27:32–40 doi:10.26683/2304-9359-2019-1(27)-32-40

    CrossRef
25. 25.↵
    1. Rosenblum B,
    2. Oldfield EH,
    3. Doppman JL, et al

    . Spinal arteriovenous malformations: a comparison of dural arteriovenous fistulas and intradural AVM’s in 81 patients. J Neurosurg 1987;67:795–802 doi:10.3171/jns.1987.67.6.0795 pmid:3681418

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
26. 26.↵
    1. Do-Dai DD,
    2. Brooks MK,
    3. Goldkamp A, et al

    . Magnetic resonance imaging of intramedullary spinal cord lesions: a pictorial review. Curr Probl Diagn Radiology 2010;39:160–85 doi:10.1067/j.cpradiol.2009.05.004 pmid:20510754

    CrossRefPubMed
27. 27.↵
    1. Niimi Y,
    2. Berenstein A,
    3. Setton A, et al

    . Embolization of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae: results and follow-up. Neurosurgery 1997;40:675–83 doi:10.1097/00006123-199704000-00004 pmid:9092840

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
28. 28.↵
    1. Djindjian M,
    2. Djindjian R,
    3. Rey A, et al

    . Intradural extramedullary spinal arterio-venous malformations fed by the anterior spinal artery. Surg Neurol 1977;8:85–93 pmid:888091

    PubMedWeb of Science
29. 29.↵
    1. Wyburn-Mason R

    . The Vascular Abnormalities and Tumours of the Spinal Cord and Its Membranes. Henry Kimpton; 1943
30. 30.↵
    1. Shinoyama M,
    2. Endo T,
    3. Takahash T, et al

    . Long-term outcome of cervical and thoracolumbar dural arteriovenous fistulas with emphasis on sensory disturbance and neuropathic pain. World Neurosurg 2010;73:401–08 doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2010.01.003 pmid:20849800

    CrossRefPubMed
31. 31.↵
    1. Sasamori T,
    2. Hida K,
    3. Yano S, et al

    . Long-term outcomes after surgical and endovascular treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae. Eur Spine J 2016;25:748–54 doi:10.1007/s00586-015-3887-0 pmid:25801745

    CrossRefPubMed
32. 32.↵
    1. Criscuolo GR,
    2. Oldfield EH,
    3. Doppman JL

    . Reversible acute and subacute myelopathy in patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas: Foix-Alajouanine syndrome reconsidered. J Neurosurg 1989;70:354–59 doi:10.3171/jns.1989.70.3.0354 pmid:2915243

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
33. 33.↵
    1. Cobb S

    . Haemangioma of the spinal cord: associated with skin naevi of the same metamere. Ann Surg 1915;62:641–49 doi:10.1097/00000658-191512000-00001 pmid:17863459

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
34. 34.↵
    1. Rubin MN,
    2. Rabinstein AR

    . Vascular diseases of the spinal cord. Neurol Clin 2013;31:153–81 doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2012.09.004 pmid:23186899

    CrossRefPubMed
35. 35.↵
    1. Antonietti L,
    2. Sheth SA,
    3. Halbach VV, et al

    . Long-term outcome in the repair of spinal cord perimedullary arteriovenous fistulas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010;31:1824–30 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A2236 pmid:20813874

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
36. 36.↵
    1. Cullen S,
    2. Alvarez H,
    3. Rodesch G, et al

    . Spinal arteriovenous shunts presenting before 2 years of age: analysis of 13 cases. Childs Nerv Syst 2006;22:1103–10 doi:10.1007/s00381-006-0075-x pmid:16586138

    CrossRefPubMed
37. 37.↵
    1. Rohany M,
    2. Shaibani A,
    3. Arafat O, et al

    . Spinal arteriovenous malformations associated with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome: a literature search and report of two cases. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007;28:584–89 pmid:17353342

    PubMed
38. 38.↵
    1. Kular S,
    2. Tse G,
    3. Budu A, et al

    . Transarterial CT angiography for surgical planning of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula. Br J Radiol 2020;93:20200020 doi:10.1259/bjr.20200020 pmid:32228302

    CrossRefPubMed
39. 39.↵
    1. Jeng Y,
    2. Chen DY,
    3. Hsu HL, et al

    . Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula: imaging features and its mimics. Korean J Radiol 2015;16:1119–31 doi:10.3348/kjr.2015.16.5.1119 pmid:26357504

    CrossRefPubMed
40. 40.↵
    1. Krings T

    . Vascular malformations of the spine and spinal cord. Clin Neuroradiol 2010;20:5–24 doi:10.1007/s00062-010-9036-6 pmid:20229203

    CrossRefPubMed
41. 41.↵
    1. Hurst RW,
    2. Grossman RI

    . Peripheral spinal cord hypointensity on T2-weighted MR images: a reliable imaging sign of venous hypertensive myelopathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2000;21:781–86 pmid:10782797

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
42. 42.↵
    1. Mathur S,
    2. Bharatha A,
    3. Huynh TJ, et al

    . Comparison of time-resolved and first-pass contrast-enhanced MR angiography in pretherapeutic evaluation of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017;38:206–12 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A4962 pmid:27811132

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
43. 43.↵
    1. Boo S,
    2. Hartel J,
    3. Hogg JP

    . Vascular abnormalities of the spine: an imaging review. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2010;39:110–17 doi:10.1067/j.cpradiol.2009.07.003 pmid:20307788

    CrossRefPubMed
44. 44.↵
    1. Lee YJ,
    2. Terbrugge KG,
    3. Saliou G, et al

    . Clinical features and outcomes of spinal cord arteriovenous malformations: comparison between nidus and fistulous types. Stroke 2014;45:2606–12 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.006087 pmid:25028446

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
45. 45.↵
    1. Vuong SM,
    2. Jeong WJ,
    3. Morales H, et al

    . Vascular diseases of the spinal cord: infarction, hemorrhage, and venous congestive myelopathy. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2016;37:466–81 doi:10.1053/j.sult.2016.05.008 pmid:27616317

    CrossRefPubMed
46. 46.↵
    1. Patsalides A,
    2. Knopman J,
    3. Santillan A, et al

    . Endovascular treatment of spinal arteriovenous lesions: beyond the dural fistula. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011;32:798–808 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A2190 pmid:20651018

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
47. 47.↵
    1. Ricolfi F,
    2. Gobin PY,
    3. Aymard A, et al

    . Giant perimedullary arteriovenous fistulas of the spine: clinical and radiologic features and endovascular treatment. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1997;18:677–87 pmid:9127029

    PubMedWeb of Science
48. 48.↵
    1. Schizas C,
    2. Theumann N,
    3. Burn A, et al

    . Qualitative grading of severity of lumbar spinal stenosis based on the morphology of the dural sac on magnetic resonance images. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2010;35:1919–24 doi:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181d359bd pmid:20671589

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
49. 49.↵
    1. Thron A,
    2. Mull M,
    3. Reith W

    . Spinal arteriovenous malformations. Radiologe 2001;41:949–54 doi:10.1007/s001170170030 pmid:11765535

    CrossRefPubMed
50. 50.↵
    1. Koeller KK,
    2. Rosenblum RS,
    3. Morrison AL

    . Neoplasms of the spinal cord and filum terminale: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 2000;20:1721–49 doi:10.1148/radiographics.20.6.g00nv151721 pmid:11112826

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
51. 51.↵
    1. Hegde AN,
    2. Mohan S,
    3. Lim CC

    . Cavernous haemangioma:“popcorn” in the brain and spinal cord. Clin Radiology 2012;67:380–88 doi:10.1016/j.crad.2011.10.013 pmid:22137800

    CrossRefPubMed
52. 52.↵
    1. Marini TJ,
    2. Chughtai K,
    3. Nuffer Z, et al

    . Blood finds a way: pictorial review of thoracic collateral vessels. Insights Imaging 2019;10:63–68 doi:10.1186/s13244-019-0753-3 pmid:31197577

    CrossRefPubMed
53. 53.↵
    1. Velat GJ,
    2. Chang SW,
    3. Abla AA, et al

    . Microsurgical management of glomus spinal arteriovenous malformations: pial resection technique. J Neurosurg Spine 2012;16:523–31 doi:10.3171/2012.3.SPINE11982 pmid:22482421

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
54. 54.↵
    1. Hida K,
    2. Shirato H,
    3. Isu T, et al

    . Focal fractionated radiotherapy for intramedullary spinal arteriovenous malformations: 10-year experience. J Neurosurg 2003;99:34–38 pmid:12859056

    CrossRefPubMed