Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1.
A representative case (No. 22) from the hemorrhagic group. A, 3D PCMR with streamline visualization using Amira shows vessel flow rates at A2, M1, P2 and the nidus in the right temporal lobe. B and C, A 3D surface-rendering model with texture processing shows the cortical artery including feeding arteries (red), the draining veins (blue), and the nidus (dark red). The 4 asterisks on the draining veins indicate the measurement points of cerebral AVM outflow in this case. D, 3D PCMR with streamline visualization from the same angle as in B and C shows vessel flow rates at the draining veins. The asterisks in D correspond to those in B and C.
- FIG 2.
Correlations between nidus volume and each flow rate, apparent cerebral arteriovenous malformation inflow, and outflow. The scatterplot between the nidus volume and each flow, apparent AVM inflow (A), and outflow (B) shows high correlation (correlation coefficient scores = 0.83 for both flows).
- FIG 3.
Boxplots comparing cerebral AVM inflow and outflow between small and medium AVMs. The apparent AVM inflow (A) and outflow (B) in small AVMs are significantly smaller between nonhemorrhagic and hemorrhagic AVMs compared with medium AVMs using the Wilcoxon rank sum test (P < . 001, for both groups).
- FIG 4.
Boxplots comparing apparent cerebral AVM inflow and outflow (A and B), AVM inflow and outflow indices (C and D), and the cerebral AVM inflow-to-outflow ratio (E) between nonhemorrhagic and hemorrhagic AVMs. E, The apparent AVM inflow-to-outflow ratio is significantly larger in hemorrhagic AVMs than in nonhemorrhagic AVMs (P = . 02), according to the Wilcoxon rank sum test.
Tables
- Table 1:
Comparison of patient demographics and angioarchitectural features between nonhemorrhage and hemorrhage groups
Characteristic Nonhemorrhage (n = 24) Hemorrhage (n = 8) P Value Age (mean) (range) (yr)a 36 (8–72) 38 (15–62) .76 Sex, femalea 10 (50%) 3 (38%) .69 Spetzler-Martin gradeb .89 I 3 1 II 12 5 III 8 2 IV–V 1 0 Mean AVM volume (median) (range) (mL)a 5.6, 4.2 (0.6–19.3) 4.5, 2.9 (0.2–15.6) .31 Small size (<30 mm)b 17 (71%) 6 (75%) 1.00 Eloquent locationb 14 (58%) 4 (50%) .70 Venous drainageb Exclusively deep 3 (13%) 2 (25%) .58 Any deep 11 (46%) 5 (63%) .69 Associated arterial aneurysmb 1 (4%) 3 (38%) .04 Parametersa Nonhemorrhage (n = 24) Hemorrhage (n = 8) P Value Mean apparent AVM inflow (median) (range) (mL/min) 422, 431 (30–965) 499, 386 (18–1347) .95 Mean apparent AVM outflow (median) (range) (mL/min) 377, 317 (19–918) 354, 144 (11–990) .40 Mean AVM inflow index (median) (range) 87, 76 (33–161) 128, 108 ( 62–251) .09 Mean AVM outflow index (median) (range) 77, 82 (29–126) 70, 58 (36–135) .47 Mean apparent AVM inflow-to-outflow ratio (median) (range) 1.17, 1.17 (0.57–1.86) 2.00, 1.69 (1.08–3.68) .02 ↵a Data are calculated by the Wilcoxon rank sum test.
Whole Cohort (n = 32) Older Than 20 Years of Age (n = 25) Mean blood flow of the middle cerebral artery (median) (range) (mL/min) 170, 160 (60–323) 158, 147 (60–323) Mean cerebral blood flow (median) (range) (mL/min) 317, 289 (169–557) 291, 270 (169–557)
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