Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1.
Quantification of NWU. NWU is determined in admission noncontrast CT. The ROI is generated automatically in the ischemic lesion core, which is measured with Mistar. The mean attenuation of Dischemic and Dnornal are used to calculate NWU based on the formula shown.
- FIG 2.
Flowchart of patient selection.
- FIG 3.
Relationship of cortical venous filling, early brain edema, and MCE. A, Boxplot shows that NWU was significantly higher in patients with COVES = 0 than in those with COVES >0. B, Boxplot shows that NWU was significantly higher in patients with MCE than in those without MCE. * indicates P < .001.
- FIG 4.
Impact of absent cortical venous filling on early brain edema according to baseline ASPECTS.
Tables
Patient Characteristic Overall (n = 163) MCE (n = 39) 24% Non-MCE (n = 124) 76% P Value Age in years, median (IQR) 69 (58–78) 74 (61–81) 69 (57.25–76) .131 Male sex, n (%) 103 (63%) 20 (51%) 83 (67%) .077 Admission NIHSS, mean ± SD 11.34 ± 5.43 14.03 ± 5.11 10.49 ± 5.27 <.001 OIT in minutes, median (IQR) 191 (116–259) 201 (128–277) 189.5 (115.25–258.75) .858 IV thrombolysis, n (%) 68 (42%) 12 (31%) 56 (45%) .112 Endovascular treatment, n (%) 82 (50%) 19 (49%) 63 (51%) .820 Good collateral filling, n (%) 112 (69%) 12 (31%) 100 (81%) <.001 ASPECTS, median (IQR) 9 (7–10) 4 (2–7) 9 (8–10) <.001 COVES = 0, n (%) 32 (20%) 26 (67%) 6 (5%) <.001 NWU in %, median (IQR) 4.89 (2.98–7.33) 8.01 (6.29–11.19) 4.15(2.59–6.11) <.001 Patient Characteristic COVES >0 (n = 131) 80% COVES =0 (n = 32) 20% P Value Age in years, median (IQR) 70 (60–77) 68.5 (53.75–78.75) .383 Male sex, n (%) 84 (64%) 19 (60%) .618 Admission NIHSS, median (IQR) 11 (6–14) 13.5 (10–18) .001 OIT in minutes, median (IQR) 188 (118–261) 205 (110.5–252.75) .910 IV thrombolysis, n (%) 58 (44%) 10 (31%) .180 Endovascular treatment, n (%) 65 (50%) 17 (53%) .722 Good collateral filling, n (%) 105 (80%) 7 (22%) <.001 ASPECTS, median (IQR) 9 (7–10) 4.5 (2.25–7.75) <.001 NWU in %, median (IQR) 4.24 (2.73–6.46) 8.11 (6.08–11.00) <.001 - Table 3:
Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses to predict NWU and univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses to predict MCE
Impact on NWU in multivariate regression Coefficient 95% CI P Value Parameter Univariable analysis Age (1-year increase) 0.009 −0.03–0.05 .667 Male sex -0.29 −1.38–0.79 .597 Admission NIHSS 0.17 0.07–0.26 .001 Onset to imaging time (1 minute) 0.004 −0.001–0.009 .147 Good collateral filling -2.90 −3.93–1.86 <.001 ASPECTS -0.70 −0.86–0.54 <.001 COVES = 0 3.99 2.83–5.15 <.001 Multivariable analysis Admission NIHSS -0.01 −0.08–0.10 .811 Good collateral filling -0.46 −1.59–0.67 .423 ASPECTS -0.50 −0.70–0.30 <.001 COVES = 0 2.04 0.75–3.32 .002 Prediction of MCE Parameter Univariable analysis Age (1-year increase) 1.02 0.99–1.05 .300 Male sex 0.52 0.25–1.08 .079 Admission NIHSS 1.14 1.06–1.23 .001 OIT (1 minute) 1.001 0.997–1.004 .733 IV thrombolysis 0.54 0.25–1.16 .115 Endovascular treatment 0.92 0.45–1.89 .820 Good collateral filling 0.11 0.05–0.24 <.001 ASPECTS 0.59 0.50–0.70 <.001 COVES = 0 39.33 13.68–113.12 <.001 NWU 1.58 1.35–1.85 <.001 Multivariable analysis Male sex 0.31 0.10–0.99 .047 Admission NIHSS 1.02 0.91–1.35 .730 Good collateral filling 0.75 0.22–2.63 .657 ASPECTS 0.77 0.60–0.97 .029 COVES = 0 14.68 4.03–53.45 <.001 NWU 1.29 1.05–1.58 .016
Jump to section
Related Articles
Cited By...
- The Cortical Vein Opacification Score (COVES) Is Independently Associated with DSA ASITN Collateral Score
- Brain edema growth after thrombectomy is associated with comprehensive collateral blood flow
- Decrease in cortical vein opacification predicts outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Venous Information in CT-Based Stroke Selection: The Only Way Out Is Through