Percutaneous Sacroplasty with or without Radiofrequency Ablation for Treatment of Painful Sacral Metastases

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FIG 1.
Drawings show the puncture needles in place for the 4 different approaches: the transiliac approach (A), short-axis technique of posterior approach (B), long-axis technique of posterior approach (C), anterior-oblique approach (D), and interpedicular approach (E).
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FIG 2.
PSP procedure. A–C, Metastatic lesions in the sacral ala and bodies can be seen on enhanced sagittal and axial T1-weighted MR imaging and sagittal reconstruction CT images. D and E, Radiographs obtained during percutaneous cement injection with the patient in the supine position. F and G, After PSP, there is homogeneous and sufficient distribution of bone cement in the lesions.

Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes in patients with sacral metastatic tumors between the 2 groups

Characteristic	PSP + RFA (Group A; n = 51)	PSP (Group B; n = 75)	P
Age (mean) (yr)	57.22 (SD, 11.41)	62.11 (SD, 13.37)	.132
Male/female	27:24	42:33	.085
Lung cancer/other cancer (No./No)	17/34	27/48	.758
Postoperative radiation/no radiation (No./No.)	17/34	29/46	.542
Zone I/other zones (No./No.)	32/26	63/41	.503
Lesion volume (mean) (mL)	7.22 (SD, 1.74)	6.69 (SD, 1.96)	.124
Posterior approach/other approaches (No./No.)	19/37	41/50	.183
Technical success (No.) (%)	51 (100)	75 (100)	.999
Operation time (mean) (min)	47.56 (SD, 5.31)	38.67 (SD, 5.19)	.002
Cement leakage (No.) (%)	10 (17.24)	20 (19.23)	.361
Cement filling volume (mean) (range) (mL)	6.42 (SD, 1.73) (3–8)	5.31 (SD, 1.52) (2–8)	.001
Degree of cement filling (%)	84.82% (SD, 0.37%)	76.16% (SD, 0.77%)	.001
Clinical follow-up (mean) (mo)	10.08 (SD, 6.28)	10.18 (SD, 5.59)	.823