Accuracy of CT Angiography for Differentiating Pseudo-Occlusion from True Occlusion or High-Grade Stenosis of the Extracranial ICA in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Retrospective MR CLEAN Substudy

References

1. 1.↵
   2. Berkhemer OA,
   3. Fransen PS,
   4. Beumer D, et al

   . A randomized trial of intraarterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2015;372:11–20 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1411587 pmid:25517348

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
2. 2.↵
   2. Dababneh H,
   3. Bashir A,
   4. Hussain M, et al

   . Endovascular treatment of tandem internal carotid and middle cerebral artery occlusions. J Vasc Interv Neurol 2014;14:25–30 pmid:25422711

   PubMed
3. 3.↵
   2. Behme D,
   3. Mpotsaris A,
   4. Zeyen P, et al

   . Emergency stenting of the extracranial internal carotid artery in combination with anterior circulation thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke: a retrospective multicenter study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015;36:2340–45 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A4459 pmid:26294652

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
4. 4.↵
   2. Campbell BC,
   3. Mitchell PJ,
   4. Kleinig TJ, et al

   ; EXTEND-IA Investigators. Endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke with perfusion-imaging selection. N Engl J Med 2015;372:1009–18 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1414792 pmid:25671797

   CrossRefPubMed
5. 5.↵
   2. Saver JL,
   3. Goyal M,
   4. Bonafe A, et al

   ; SWIFT PRIME Investigators. Stent-retriever thrombectomy after intravenous t-PA vs. t-PA alone in stroke. N Engl J Med 2015;372:2285–95 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1415061 pmid:25882376

   CrossRefPubMed
6. 6.↵
   2. Kim JJ,
   3. Dillon WP,
   4. Glastonbury CM, et al

   . Sixty-four-section multidetector CT angiography of carotid arteries: a systematic analysis of image quality and artifacts. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010;31:91–99 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A1768 pmid:19729539

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
7. 7.↵
   2. Korn A,
   3. Bender B,
   4. Brodoefel H, et al

   . Grading of carotid artery stenosis in the presence of extensive calcifications: dual-energy CT angiography in comparison with contrast-enhanced MR angiography. Clin Neuroradiol 2015;25:33–40 doi:10.1007/s00062-013-0276-0 pmid:24343701

   CrossRefPubMed
8. 8.↵
   2. Fujimoto S,
   3. Toyoda K,
   4. Kishikawa K, et al

   . Accuracy of conventional plus transoral carotid ultrasonography in distinguishing pseudo-occlusion from total occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Cerebrovasc Dis 2006;22:170–76 doi:10.1159/000093451 pmid:16710083

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
9. 9.↵
   2. Fürst G,
   3. Saleh A,
   4. Wenserski F, et al

   . Reliability and validity of noninvasive imaging of internal carotid artery pseudo-occlusion. Stroke 1999;30:1444–49 doi:10.1161/01.STR.30.7.1444 pmid:10390321

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
10. 10.↵
    2. Desole A,
    3. Campanile F,
    4. Tosato F, et al

    . Surgical treatment for pseudo-occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2015;20:636–40 doi:10.1093/icvts/ivv016 pmid:25678628

    CrossRefPubMed
11. 11.↵
    2. Marquering HA,
    3. Nederkoorn PJ,
    4. Beenen LF, et al

    . Carotid pseudo-occlusion on CTA in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a concerning observation. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2013;115:1591–94 doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2013.02.008 pmid:23453709

    CrossRefPubMed
12. 12.↵
    2. Duijsens HM,
    3. Spaander F,
    4. van Dijk LC, et al

    . Endovascular treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke and apparent occlusion of the extracranial internal carotid artery on CTA. J Neurointerv Surg 2015;7:709–14 doi:10.1136/neurintsurg-2014-011297 pmid:25118191

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
13. 13.↵
    2. Ng FC,
    3. Choi PM,
    4. Datta M, et al

    . Perfusion-derived dynamic 4D CT angiography identifies carotid pseudo-occlusion in hyperacute stroke. J Neuroimaging 2016;26:588–91 doi:10.1111/jon.12375 pmid:27383381

    CrossRefPubMed
14. 14.↵
    2. Prakkamakul S,
    3. Pitakvej N,
    4. Dumrongpisutikul N, et al

    . Mid-cervical flame-shaped pseudo-occlusion: diagnostic performance of mid-cervical flame-shaped extracranial internal carotid artery sign on computed tomographic angiography in hyperacute ischemic stroke. Neuroradiology 2017;59:989–96 doi:10.1007/s00234-017-1882-3 pmid:28785800

    CrossRefPubMed
15. 15.↵
    2. Akpınar S,
    3. Gelener P,
    4. Yilmaz G

    . Aetiologies of internal carotid artery pseudo-occlusions in acute stroke patients: what neurointerventionalists can expect. Br J Radiol 2017;90:20160352 doi:10.1259/bjr.20160352 pmid:27995806

    CrossRefPubMed
16. 16.↵
    2. Fransen PS,
    3. Beumer D,
    4. Berkhemer OA, et al

    ; MR CLEAN Investigators. MR CLEAN, a multicenter randomized clinical trial of endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke in the Netherlands: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2014;15:343 doi:10.1186/1745-6215-15-343 pmid:25179366

    CrossRefPubMed
17. 17.↵
    2. Park ST,
    3. Kim JK,
    4. Yoon KH, et al

    . Atherosclerotic carotid stenoses of apical versus body lesions in high-risk carotid stenting patients. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010;31:1106–12 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A2000 pmid:20093309

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
18. 18.↵
    2. Goyal M,
    3. Demchuk AM,
    4. Menon BK, et al

    ; ESCAPE Trial Investigators. Randomized assessment of rapid endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2015;372:1019–30 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1414905 pmid:25671798

    CrossRefPubMed
19. 19.↵
    2. Jovin TG,
    3. Chamorro A,
    4. Cobo E, et al

    ; REVASCAT Trial Investigators. Thrombectomy within 8 hours after symptom onset in ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2015;372:1–11 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1503780 pmid:25882510

    CrossRefPubMed
20. 20.↵
    2. Miyazaki Y,
    3. Mori T,
    4. Tajiri H, et al

    . Comparison of four-dimensional CT angiography (4D-CTA) with MRA in acute ischemic stroke patients with probable internal carotid artery occlusion. Stroke 2012;43:A2859
21. 21.↵
    2. Zhang S,
    3. Chen W,
    4. Tang H, et al

    . The prognostic value of a four-dimensional CT angiography-based collateral grading scale for reperfusion therapy in acute ischemic stroke patients. PLoS One 2016;11:1–12 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160502 pmid:27505435

    CrossRefPubMed