Complications of Endovascular Treatments for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: A Nationwide Surveillance

Article Figures & Data

Table 1:

Summary of baseline characteristics

Characteristics
No. of patients	788
Age (mean) (yr)	41.3 ± 19.9
Male (No.) (%)	471 (59.8%)
Clinical presentation (No.) (%)
Hemorrhage	548 (69.5%)
NHND	130 (16.5%)
Asymptomatic	110 (14.0%)
Preprocedural mRS (No.) (%)
0	562 (71.3%)
1	84 (10.7%)
2	44 (5.6%)
3	34 (4.3%)
4	27 (3.4%)
5	15 (1.9%)
Unknown	22
Spetzler-Martin grade (No.) (%)
I	136 (17.3%)
II	273 (34.6%)
III	224 (28.4%)
IV	98 (12.4%)
V	21 (2.7%)
Unknown	36 (4.6%)
Size (No.) (%)
<3 cm	443 (56.2%)
3–6 cm	278 (35.3%)
>6 cm	38 (3.8%)
Deep venous drainage (No.) (%)	438 (55.6%)
Eloquence (No.) (%)	318 (40.4%)
Location (No.) (%)
Cortical	574 (72.8%)
Deep	35 (4.4%)
Cerebellum	126 (16.0%)
Brain stem	17 (2.2%)
Others	36 (4.6%)
Associated aneurysm (No.) (%)	146 (18.5%)
Flow-related	92 (11.7%)
Intranidal	45 (5.7%)
Unrelated	9 (1.1%)
Abnormality of drainage route (No.) (%)
Occlusion	12 (1.5%)
Stenosis	92 (11.7%)
Varix	186 (23.6%)

Table 2:

Endovascular procedures

	Total	Complication		P Value		OR (95% CI)
	Total	Yes	No	Uni-	Multi-	OR (95% CI)
No. of procedures (%)	1042	136 (13.1%)	906 (86.9%)
Emergency (No.) (%)	124	13 (9.6%)	111 (10.6%)	.366
Provocation test (No.) (%)	117 (11.2%)	8 (5.9%)	109 (12.0%)	.059
SEP and/or MEP monitoring (No.) (%)	39 (3.7%)	7 (5.1%)	32 (3.5%)	.561
No. of treatments (No.) (%)
Initial	778 (75.6%)	104 (76.5%)	684 (75.5%)	.48
Second and more	254 (24.4%)	32 (23.5%)	222 (24.5%)	.48
Strategy (No.) (%)
Curative	87 (8.3%)	17 (12.5%)	70 (7.7%)	.061
Target	144 (13.8%)	15 (11.0%)	129 (14.2%)	.312
Presurgical	638 (61.2%)	74 (54.4%)	564 (62.3%)	.08
Preradiosurgical	160 (15.4%)	29 (21.3%)	131 (14.5%)	.038	.074	1.13 (0.96–2.44)
No. of approaches (mean)		3.2 ± 1.2	3.3 ± 1.5	.28
Embolic material (No.) (%)
Coils	165 (15.8%)	16 (11.8%)	149 (15.3%)	.163
n-BCA	627 (60.2%)	83 (61.0%)	544 (60.0%)	.827
Onyx	432 (41.5%)	64 (47.1%)	368 (40.6%)	.073
Results (No.) (%)
Complete obliteration	101 (9.7%)	18 (13.2%)	83 (9.2%)	.134
Nearly complete	285 (27.3%)	38 (27.9%)	247 (27.3%)	.869
Partial	628 (60.3%)	76 (55.9%)	552 (60.9%)	.262
Unchanged	17 (1.6%)	3 (2.2%)	14 (1.5%)	.571

Table 3:

mRS at 30 days after endovascular procedure