Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1.
Flow diagram of patient selection.
- FIG 2.
Examples of robust RSNs in our study population. Network activations are depicted in red-yellow spectrum. A, Robust motor network activation is seen (both visually and quantitatively) in an 8-year-old boy with epilepsy who underwent a 10.4-minute rs-fMRI with acceleration under propofol anesthesia. Structural images showed chronic right MCA infarction. B, Robust visual network activation is seen in a 9-year-old boy with epilepsy who underwent a 7.25-minute rs-fMRI without acceleration under propofol anesthesia. No structural abnormality was detected. C, Robust language network activation is seen (both visually and quantitatively) in a 5-year-old girl with seizure who underwent a 6.75-minute rs-fMRI without acceleration under propofol, sevoflurane, and fentanyl anesthesia. Subacute infarction in the right MCA territory was seen on structural images.
- FIG 3.
Example of weak RSNs in a 9-year-old boy with seizure who underwent 7-minute rs-fMRI under propofol, sevoflurane, and N2O anesthesia. Structural images showed mesial temporal sclerosis, and chronic left germinal matrix hemorrhage. No meaningful activation (depicted in red) is seen in motor network (A) or language network (B) boundaries, shown as blue template masks.
Tables
Variables n = 69 Age (yr) Mean (SD) 6.9 (4.26) Range 1–17 Sex Girl 30 (43%) Indication for the examination Seizure 35 (51%) Tumor 7 (10%) Other 27 (39%) rs-fMRI with multiband 28 (41%) fMRI scan length (minute) Mean (SD) 7.7 (2.01) Range 4.5–10.4 Number of BOLD volumes Mean (SD) 271.3 (167.8) Range 90–550 Framewise displacement (mm) Mean (SD) 0.05 (0.04) Range 0.02–0.2 MRI with structural abnormality 39 (57%) Anesthesia with propofol 58 (84%) Anesthesia with sevoflurane 34 (49%) Anesthesia with N2O 12 (17%) Anesthesia with other agents 15 (22%) - Table 2:
ORs and CIs from multivariable logistic regression analysis of predictive factors in robust rs-fMRI overall networks with qualitative assessment
Variable OR (Exp (B)) 95% CI for Exp (B) P Value rs-fMRI with multiband 2.37 0.44–12.65 .31 Anesthesia with propofol 1.41 0.27–7.29 .68 Anesthesia with sevoflurane 0.20 0.05–0.79 .02a Anesthesia with N2O 0.80 0.16–4.11 .79 Anesthesia with other agents 1.42 0.32–6.42 .65 Abnormality on structural MRI 1.02 0.34–3.09 .97 Sex = boy 0.97 0.32–2.91 .96 Age 0.93 0.81–1.06 .27 Scan length in minutes 1.06 0.73–1.53 .76 ↵a Indicates statistical significance at the .05 level.
- Table 3:
ORs and CIs from multivariable logistic regression analysis of predictive factors in robust rs-fMRI motor-language networks with quantitative assessment
Variable OR (Exp (B)) 95% CI for Exp (B) P Value rs-fMRI with multiband 1.11 0.21–5.97 .90 Anesthesia with propofol 2.51 0.44–14.32 .30 Anesthesia with sevoflurane 0.18 0.04–0.80 .02a Anesthesia with N2O 0.41 0.08–2.13 .29 Anesthesia with other agents 2.15 0.40–11.52 .37 Abnormality on structural MRI 1.57 0.47–5.26 .46 Sex = boy 1.96 0.55–6.92 .29 Age 0.93 0.81–1.07 .31 Scan length in minutes 1.15 0.79–1.67 .47 ↵a Indicates statistical significance at the .05 level.
- Table 4:
ORs and CIs from multivariable logistic regression analysis of predictive factors in robust rs-fMRI motor network with quantitative assessment
Variable OR (Exp (B)) 95% CI for Exp (B) P Value rs-fMRI with multiband 3.29 0.41–26.63 .26 Anesthesia with propofol 5.39 0.84–34.75 .08 Anesthesia with sevoflurane 0.10 0.02–0.64 .02a Anesthesia with N2O 1.04 0.16–6.54 .97 Anesthesia with other agents 1.72 0.26–11.14 .57 Abnormality on structural MRI 1.54 0.38–6.23 .55 Sex = boy 2.83 0.63–12.70 .17 Age 0.94 0.81–1.10 .47 Scan length in minutes 1.06 0.68–1.65 .81 ↵a Indicates statistical significance at the .05 level.
- Table 5:
ORs and CIs from multivariable logistic regression analysis of predictive factors in robust rs-fMRI language network with quantitative assessment
Variable OR (Exp (B)) 95% CI for Exp (B) P Value rs-fMRI with multiband 0.97 0.13–7.49 .98 Anesthesia with propofol 0.41 0.05–3.40 .41 Anesthesia with sevoflurane 0.34 0.06–2.01 .23 Anesthesia with N2O 0.22 0.03–1.35 .10 Anesthesia with other agents 1.68 0.26–11.03 .59 Abnormality on structural MRI 0.91 0.21–3.98 .89 Sex = boy 1.72 0.38–7.69 .48 Age 1.00 0.85–1.19 .97 Scan length in minute 1.41 0.91–2.20 .13
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