Automated Detection of Black Hole Sign for Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients Using Self-Supervised Learning

From the Department of Preventive Medicine (H.W., T.S., M.R.H, J.X.M, J.S.N, Y.L.), Department of Neurological Surgery (E.J.H.), and Department of Neurology (A.M.N.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z., L.B.), Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM) (S.G.), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

From the Department of Preventive Medicine (H.W., T.S., M.R.H, J.X.M, J.S.N, Y.L.), Department of Neurological Surgery (E.J.H.), and Department of Neurology (A.M.N.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z., L.B.), Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM) (S.G.), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

From the Department of Preventive Medicine (H.W., T.S., M.R.H, J.X.M, J.S.N, Y.L.), Department of Neurological Surgery (E.J.H.), and Department of Neurology (A.M.N.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z., L.B.), Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM) (S.G.), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

From the Department of Preventive Medicine (H.W., T.S., M.R.H, J.X.M, J.S.N, Y.L.), Department of Neurological Surgery (E.J.H.), and Department of Neurology (A.M.N.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z., L.B.), Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM) (S.G.), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

From the Department of Preventive Medicine (H.W., T.S., M.R.H, J.X.M, J.S.N, Y.L.), Department of Neurological Surgery (E.J.H.), and Department of Neurology (A.M.N.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z., L.B.), Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM) (S.G.), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

From the Department of Preventive Medicine (H.W., T.S., M.R.H, J.X.M, J.S.N, Y.L.), Department of Neurological Surgery (E.J.H.), and Department of Neurology (A.M.N.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z., L.B.), Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM) (S.G.), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

From the Department of Preventive Medicine (H.W., T.S., M.R.H, J.X.M, J.S.N, Y.L.), Department of Neurological Surgery (E.J.H.), and Department of Neurology (A.M.N.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z., L.B.), Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM) (S.G.), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

From the Department of Preventive Medicine (H.W., T.S., M.R.H, J.X.M, J.S.N, Y.L.), Department of Neurological Surgery (E.J.H.), and Department of Neurology (A.M.N.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z., L.B.), Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM) (S.G.), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

From the Department of Preventive Medicine (H.W., T.S., M.R.H, J.X.M, J.S.N, Y.L.), Department of Neurological Surgery (E.J.H.), and Department of Neurology (A.M.N.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z., L.B.), Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM) (S.G.), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

From the Department of Preventive Medicine (H.W., T.S., M.R.H, J.X.M, J.S.N, Y.L.), Department of Neurological Surgery (E.J.H.), and Department of Neurology (A.M.N.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z., L.B.), Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM) (S.G.), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

From the Department of Preventive Medicine (H.W., T.S., M.R.H, J.X.M, J.S.N, Y.L.), Department of Neurological Surgery (E.J.H.), and Department of Neurology (A.M.N.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center (A.Z., L.B.), Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM) (S.G.), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.