Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Images from the case of a 1-year-old male patient with macrocephaly and mild facial dysmorphism (case 1).
A, Sagittal view T1-weighted MR image shows tubomammillary fusion (arrow).
B, Coronal view T1-weighted MR image shows the bright signal intensity in the posterior pituitary of a duplicated gland.
C, Frontal projection time-of-flight MR angiogram shows the distal split of the basilar artery (arrow).
- Fig 2.
Images from the case of a 2-day-old female patient who presented with a protruding whitish mass from the oral cavity (case 2).
A, Sagittal view T1-weighted MR image shows tubomammillary fusion (short arrow) and the oral dermoid (long arrow).
B, Coronal view T1-weighted MR image shows duplicated pituitary gland (arrows).
C, Coronal view T2-weighted MR image shows two infundibular stalks (arrows).
D, 3D CT scan shows duplicated sella.
- Fig 3.
Images from the case of a 1-day-old female patient with craniofacial deformity (case 3).
A, Coronal view T1-weighted MR image shows duplicated pituitary gland (arrows).
B, Coronal view T2-weighted MR image shows duplicated basilar artery (arrows).
C, Axial view T2-weighted MR image shows each superior cerebellar artery (arrows) arising separately from the duplicated basilar artery.
- Fig 4.
Images from the case of a premature female patient who was born at 28 weeks (case 4).
A, Coronal view T1-weighted MR image shows duplicated pituitary gland (long arrows). Short arrow indicates germinal matrix bleed on the right side.
B, Time-of-flight MR angiogram shows duplicated distal basilar artery.
C, Autopsy probe points to the origin of the duplicated distal basilar artery. Note the thickened hypothalamus.
- Fig 5.
Images from the case of a 2-day-old female patient with suspected choanal atresia (case 5).
A, Sagittal view T1-weighted image shows characteristic tubomammillary fusion (asterisk).
B, Coronal view T1-weighted image shows the bright duplicated pituitary gland (arrows).
C, Source MR angiograms obtained through the vertebrobasilar system. Arrowhead indicates duplicated basilar artery. Short arrows indicate superior cerebellar arteries arising from duplicated basilar artery. Long arrows indicate posterior cerebral artery.
D, Oblique view MR angiogram shows the superior cerebellar arteries (SCA) originating from the distal duplicated basilar artery. PCA, posterior cerebral artery.
Tables
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Sex, age Male, 1 year Female, 2 days Female, 1 day Female, 28 weeks’ gestation Female, 2 days Clinical presentation Macrocephaly, mild facial dysmorphism, developmental delay Protruding whitish mass from oral cavity Craniofacial deformity Prematurity, hydrocephalus with intraventricular hemorrhage on ultrasonogram Suspected choanal atresia Pituitary gland, duplicated pituitary and stalk Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Hypothalamic thickening and tubomammillary fusion Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Duplicated pituitary fossae and cleft basisphenoid Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Sphenopharyngeal canal No Yes No Yes No Hypertelorism Yes Yes Yes Yes No Corpus callosum Normal Agenesis Agenesis Agenesis Normal Mouth and nasopharynx Normal Cleft palate, oral dermoid, frontonasal dysplasia Jaw teratoma, syngnathia, sphenomandibular-maxillary fusion, cleft palate Cleft palate Oral “hairy” dermoid, posterior cleft through bony palate Posterior fossa Wide pons, prominent ventral raphe Normal Normal Lower brain stem tethered anteriorly to pharynx through cleft above anterior arch of C1 with basion Lower brain stem tethered anteriorly to pharynx through cleft above anterior arch of C1 with basion Basilar artery Duplicated, MR angiogram available Duplicated, only spin-echo images available Duplicated, only spin-echo images available Duplicated, MR angiogram available Duplicated, MR angiogram available Cervical spine anomalies/anomalies of basion Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
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