Frequency of Asymptomatic Microbleeds on T2*-Weighted MR Images of Patients with Recurrent Stroke: Association with Combination of Stroke Subtypes and Leukoaraiosis

References

1. ↵
   Tanaka A, Ueno Y, Nakayama Y, Takano K, Takebayashi S. Small chronic hemorrhages and ischemic lesions in association with spontaneous intracerebral hematomas. Stroke 1999;30:1637–1642

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
2. ↵
   Fazekas F, Kleinert R, Roob G, et al. Histopathologic analysis of foci of signal loss on gradient-echo T2*-weighted MR images in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: evidence of microangiopathy-related microbleeds. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999;20:637–642

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
3. ↵
   Kwa VI, Franke CL, Verbeeten B Jr, Stam J. Silent intracerebral microhemorrhages in patients with ischemic stroke: Amsterdam Vascular Medicine Group. Ann Neurol 1998;44:372–377

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
4. Kinoshita T, Okudera T, Tamura H, Ogawa T, Hatazawa J. Assessment of lacunar hemorrhage associated with hypertensive stroke by echo-planar gradient-echo T2*-weighted MRI. Stroke 2000;31:1646–1650

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
5. ↵
   Roob G, Lechner A, Schmidt R, Flooh E, Hartung HP, Fazekas F. Frequency and location of microbleeds in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 2000;31:2665–2669

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
6. Tsushima Y, Tamura T, Unno Y, Kusano S, Endo K. Multifocal low-signal brain lesions on T2*-weighted gradient-echo imaging. Neuroradiology 2000;42:499–504

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
7. ↵
   Kato H, Izumiyama M, Izumiyama K, Takahashi A, Itoyama Y. Silent cerebral microbleeds on T2*-weighted MRI: correlation with stroke subtype, stroke recurrence, and leukoaraiosis. Stroke 2002;33:1536–1540

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
8. ↵
   Kim DE, Bae HJ, Lee SH, Kim H, Yoon BW, Roh JK. Gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging in the prediction of hemorrhage vs ischemic stroke: a need for the consideration of the extent of leukoaraiosis. Arch Neurol 2002;59:425–429

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
9. ↵
   Tsushima Y, Aoki J, Endo K. Brain microhemorrhages detected on T2*-weighted gradient-echo MR images. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2003;24:88–96

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
10. ↵
    Wong KS, Chan YL, Liu JY, Gao S, Lam WW. Asymptomatic microbleeds as a risk factor for aspirin-associated intracerebral hemorrhages. Neurology 2003;60:511–513

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
11. ↵
    Gent M, Blakely JA, Easton JD, et al. The Canadian American Ticlopidine Study (CATS) in thromboembolic stroke. Lancet 1989;1:1215–1220

    PubMedWeb of Science
12. Hass WK, Easton JD, Adams HP Jr, et al. A randomized trial comparing ticlopidine hydrochloride with aspirin for the prevention of stroke in high-risk patients: Ticlopidine Aspirin Stroke Study Group. N Engl J Med 1989;321:501–507

    PubMedWeb of Science
13. Antiplatelet Trialists’ Collaboration. Collaborative overview of randomized trials of antiplatelet therapy: I. Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. BMJ 1994;308:81–106

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
14. CAPRIE Steering Committee. A randomized, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet 1996;348:1329–1339

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
15. Hart RG, Sherman DG, Easton JD, Cairns JA. Prevention of stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Neurology 1998;51:674–681

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
16. ↵
    Antithrombotic Trialists’ Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 2002;324:71–86

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
17. ↵
    Special Report from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Classification of Cerebrovascular Diseases III. Stroke 1990;21:637–676

    FREE Full Text
18. ↵
    Lee SH, Bae HJ, Yoon BW, Kim H, Kim DE, Roh JK. Low concentration of serum total cholesterol is associated with multifocal signal loss lesions on gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging: analysis of risk factors for multifocal signal loss lesions. Stroke 2002;33:2845–2849

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
19. ↵
    Fazekas F, Chawluk JB, Alavi A, Hurtig HI, Zimmerman RA. MR signal abnormalities at 1.5 T in Alzheimer’s dementia and normal aging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1987;149:351–356

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
20. ↵
    Greenberg SM, Finklestein SP, Schaefer PW. Petechial hemorrhages accompanying lobar hemorrhage: detection by gradient-echo MRI. Neurology 1996;46:1751–1754

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
21. ↵
    Greenberg SM, O’Donnell HC, Schaefer PW, Kraft E. MRI detection of new hemorrhages: potential marker of progression in cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Neurology 1999;53:1135–1138

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
22. ↵
    Hermier M, Nighoghossian N, Derex L, et al. MRI of acute post-ischemic cerebral hemorrhage in stroke patients: diagnosis with T2*-weighted gradient-echo sequences. Neuroradiology 2001;43:809–815

    CrossRefPubMed
23. ↵
    Kidwell CS, Saver JL, Villablanca JP, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging detection of microbleeds before thrombolysis: an emerging application. Stroke 2002;33:95–98

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
24. ↵
    Nighoghossian N, Hermier M, Adeleine P, et al. Old microbleeds are a potential risk factor for cerebral bleeding after ischemic stroke: a gradient-echo T2*-weighted brain MRI study. Stroke 2002;33:735–742

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
25. ↵
    Selekler K, Erzen C. Leukoaraiosis and intracerebral hematoma. Stroke 1989;20:1016–1020

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
26. Inzitari D, Giordano GP, Ancona AL, Pracucci G, Mascalchi M, Amaducci L. Leukoaraiosis, intracerebral hemorrhage, and arterial hypertension. Stroke 1990;21:1419–1423

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
27. ↵
    Pantoni L, Garcia JH. Pathogenesis of leukoaraiosis: a review. Stroke 1997;28:652–659

    Abstract/FREE Full Text