Quantitative Proton MR Spectroscopic Findings of Cortical Reorganization in the Auditory Cortex of Musicians

References

1. ↵
   Chen R, Cohen LG, Hallet M. Nervous system reorganization following injury. Neuroscience 2002;6:761–773
2. ↵
   Elbert T, Pantev C, Wienbruch C, Rockstroh B, Taub E. Increased cortical representation of the fingers of the left hand in string players. Science 1995;270:305–307

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
3. ↵
   Maguire E, Gadian DG, Johnsrude IS, et al. Navigation-related structural change in the hippocampi of taxi drivers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000;97:4398–4403

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
4. ↵
   Gaser C, Schlaug G. Brain structures differ between musicians and non-musicians. J Neurosci 2003;23:9240–9245

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
5. ↵
   Platel H, Price C, Baron JC, et al. The structural components of music perception: a functional anatomical study. Brain 1997;120:229–243

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
6. ↵
   Chauvel CL, Peretz I, Babai M, Laguitton V, Chauvel P. Contribution of different cortical areas in the temporal lobes to music processing. Brain 1998;121:1853–1867

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
7. ↵
   Ohnishi T, Matsuda H, Asada T, et al. Functional anatomy of musical perception in musicians. Cereb Cortex 2001;11:754–760

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
8. Janata P, Birk JL, Van Horn JD, et al. The cortical topography of tonal structures underlying Western music. Science 2002;298:2167–2170

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
9. ↵
   Koelsch S, Gunter TC, Cramon DYV, et al. Bach speaks: a cortical “language -network” serves the processing of music. Neuroimage 2002;17:956–966

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
10. ↵
    Schlaug G, Jancke L, Huang Y, Steinmetz H. In vivo evidence of structural brain asymmetry in musicians. Science 1995;267:699–701

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
11. ↵
    Zatorre RJ, Perry DW, Beckett CA, Westbury CF, Evans AC. Functional anatomy of musical processing in listeners with absolute pitch and relative pitch. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998;95:3172–3177

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
12. ↵
    Keenan JP, Thangaraj V, Halpern AR, Schlaug G. Absolute pitch and planum temporale. Neuroimage 2001;14:1402–1408

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
13. ↵
    Hutchinson S, Lee LH, Gaab N, Schlaug G. Cerebellar volumes of musicians. Cereb Cortex 2003;13:943–949

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
14. ↵
    Pantev C, Oostenveld R, Engelien A, et al. Increased cortical representation in musicians. Nature 1998;392:811–814

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
15. ↵
    Shapleske J, Rossell SL, Woodruff PW, David AS. The planum temporale: quantitative review of its structural, functional and clinical significance. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 1999;29:26–49

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
16. ↵
    Keevil SF, Barbiroli B, Brooks JCW, et al. Absolute metabolite quantification by in vivo NMR spectroscopy: multicenter trial of protocols for in vivo localised proton studies of human brain. Magn Reson Imaging 1998;16:1093–1106

    CrossRefPubMed
17. ↵
    Michaelis T, Merboldt KD, Bruhn H, et al. Absolute concentrations of metabolites in the adult human brain in vivo: quantification of localized proton MR spectra. Radiology 1993;187:219–227

    PubMedWeb of Science
18. ↵
    Zilles K. Neuronal plasticity as an adaptive property of the central nervous system. Ann Anat 1992;174:383–391

    PubMedWeb of Science
19. ↵
    Sluming V, Barrick T, Howard M, et al. Voxel-based morphometry reveals increased gray matter density in Broca’s area in male symphony orchestra musicians. Neuroimage 2002;17:1613–1622

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
20. ↵
    Schneider P, Scherg M, Dosch HG, et al. Morphology of Heschl’s gyrus reflects enhanced activation in the auditory cortex of musicians. Nat Neurosci 2002;5:688–694

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
21. ↵
    Bevers TG, Chiarello RJ. Cerebral dominance in musicians and nonmusicians. Science 1974;9:537–539
22. ↵
    Evers S, Dannert J, Rodding D, Rotter G, Ringelstein EB. The cerebral haemodynamics of music perception: a transcranial Doppler sonography study. Brain 1999;122:75–85

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
23. ↵
    Sergeant D. Experimental investigation of absolute pitch. J Res Music Educ 1969;17:135–143
24. ↵
    Terrazas A, McNaughton B. Brain growth and the cognitive map. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000;25:4414–4416
25. ↵
    Neale JH, Bzdega T, Wroblewska B. N-acetylaspartylglutamate: the most abundant peptide neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. J Neurochem 2000;75:443–452

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
26. ↵
    Miller BL. A review of chemical issues in H NMR spectroscopy: N-acetyl-L-aspartate, creatine and choline. NMR Biomed 1991;4:47–52

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
27. ↵
    Simmons M, Frondoza C, Coyle J. Immunocytochemical localization of N-acetyl aspartate with monoclonal antibodies. Neuroscience 1991;45:37–45

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
28. ↵
    Baslow MH. Functions of N-acetyl-L-aspartate and N-acetyl-L-aspartylglutamate in the vertebrate brain: role in glial cell-specific signaling. J Neurochem 2000;75:453–459

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
29. ↵
    Chenga LL, Newell K, Mallory AE, Hyman BT, Gonzalez RG. Quantification of neurons in Alzheimer and control brains with ex vivo high resolution magic angle spinning proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and stereology. Magn Reson Imaging 2002;20:527–533

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
30. ↵
    Kempermann G, Kuhn HG, Gage FH. Experience-induced neurogenesis in the senescent dentate gyrus. J Neurosci 1998;18:3206–3212

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
31. ↵
    Kempermann G, Gast G, Gage FH. Neuroplasticity in old age: sustained fivefold induction of hippocampal neurogenesis by long-term environmental enrichment. Ann Neurol 2002;52:135–143

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
32. ↵
    Nillson M, Perfilieva E, Johansson U, Orwar O, Eriksson PS. Enriched environment increases neurogenesis in the adult rat dentate gyrus and improves spatial memory. J Neurobiol 1999;39:569–578

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
33. ↵
    Kuhn HG, Palmer TD, Fuchs E. Adult neurogenesis: a compensatory mechanism for neuronal damage. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2001;251:152–158

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
34. ↵
    Gage FH. Neurogenesis in the adult brain. J Neurosci 2002;22:612–613

    FREE Full Text
35. ↵
    Palmer TD, Markakis EA, Willhoite AR, Safar F, Gage FH. Fibroblast growth factor-2 activates a latent neurogenic programin neural stem cell from diverse regions of the adult CNS. J Neurosci 1999;19:8487–8497

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
36. ↵
    Kempermann G. Why new neurons? Possible functions for adult hippocampal neurogenesis. J Neurosci 2002b;22:635–638

    FREE Full Text
37. ↵
    Cecchi GA, Petreannu LT, Alvarez-Buylla A, Magnasco MO. Unsupervised learning and adaptation in a model of adult neurogenesis. J Comput Neurosci 2001;11:175–182

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
38. ↵
    Acebes A, Ferrus A. Increasing the number of synapses modifies olfactory perception in Drosophila. J Neurosci 2001;15:6264–6273
39. ↵
    Devaud JM, Acebes A, Ferrus A. Odor exposure causes central adaptation and morphological changes in selected olfactory glomeruli in Drosophila. J Neurosci 2001;15:6274–6282
40. ↵
    Black JE, Isaac KR, Anderson BJ, Alcantara AA, Greenough WT. Learning causes synaptogenesis whereas motor activity causes angiogenesis in cerebellar cortex of the adult rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990;87:5568–5572

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
41. Isaacs KR, Anderson BJ, Alacantara AA, Black JE, Greenough WT. Exercise and the brain: angiogenesis in the adult rat cerebellum after vigorous physical activity and motor skill learning. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1992;12:110–119

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
42. Anderson BJ, Li X, Alcantara A, et al. Glial hypertrophy is associated with synaptogenesis following motor-skill learning, but not with angiogenesis following exercise. Glia 1994;11:73–80

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
43. ↵
    Kleim JA, Lussing E, Schwarz ER, Comery TA, Greenough WT. Synaptogenesis and FOS expression in the motor cortex of the adult rat after motor skill learning. J Neurosci 1996;16:4529–4535

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
44. ↵
    Jones EG. GABAergic neurons and their role in cortical plasticity in primates. Cereb Cortex 1993;3:361–372

    FREE Full Text
45. ↵
    Ziemann U, Muellbacher W, Hallett M, Cohen LG. Modulation of practice-dependent plasticity in human motor cortex. Brain 2001;124:1171–1181

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
46. ↵
    Levy LM, Ziemann U, Chen R, Cohen LG. Rapid modulation of GABA in sensorimotor cortex induced by acute deafferentation. Ann Neurol 2002;52:755–761

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science