Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Instantaneous domain-averaged velocity errors in NR solutions, by using the HR solutions as a reference standard. The 12 cases are divided into sidewall (SW) and bifurcation (BIF) types, the latter subdivided into cases exhibiting stable and unstable flows. Note the identification numbers for the BIF unstable cases.
- Fig 2.
Qualitative differences in HR-versus-NR velocity and WSS fields for bifurcation cases with unstable flows (A), bifurcation cases with stable flows (B), and sidewall cases (C). For each case, the top row compares the isovelocity surfaces at the time of maximum domain-averaged error, the middle row compares the cycle-averaged WSS distributions, and the bottom row compares the OSI distributions.
- Fig 3.
Comparison of various normalized hemodynamic indices determined from HR-versus-NR solutions. The top left of each plot identifies the index. The top right shows the coefficient of determination (R2) and the slope of the linear regressions as measures of correlation and agreement, respectively. Note that different symbols are used to highlight the 3 different groups of cases, per the legend of the top left plot; KER indicates kinetic energy ratio; LSA, low shear area; VDR, viscous dissipation ratio; MWSS, maximum wall shear stress.
- Fig 4.
Top: HR simulations of bifurcation unstable case 16 demonstrate large variations in WSS vectors during a brief (0.1 second) period of postsystolic flow deceleration. Bottom: Corresponding NR simulations show negligible variations during this same period, despite having comparable cycle-averaged WSS distributions (right column). See the On-line Video for a comparison during the entire cardiac cycle.
- Fig 5.
Impact of mesh resolution on the sac maximum and mean cycle-averaged WSS for case 15. Symbols identify data from individual simulations; the lines show power-law fits through the respective data. Note the identification of the NR and HR resolutions on the x-axis.
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