Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Fetal and neonatal brain tissue segmentation. Coronal T2-weighted segmented fetal and neonatal image of the same individual with transposition of the great arteries at 30 weeks of gestation and before the operation.
- Fig 2.
Fetal and neonatal brain volumes in relation to postmenstrual age. Plotted are brain volumes (y-axis) in relation to postmenstrual age at scanning (x-axis) for transposition of the great arteries (pink diamonds), left ventricle outflow tract obstruction (green circles), and single-ventricle physiology (black squares). Either the regression or quadratic line was fitted for each congenital heart defect separately (dotted lines), also as 1 line combining all subjects (solid black line). R2 values reflecting the goodness of fit: ICV, 0.76; TBV, 0.76; UWM, 0.53; CGM, 0.81; cerebellum, 0.79; CGM:TBV, 0.78; UWM:TBV, 0.77; cerebellum:TBV, 0.48.
- Fig 3.
Fetal and neonatal CSF volumes in relation to postmenstrual age. Plotted are CSF volumes (y-axis) in relation to postmenstrual age at scanning (x-axis) for transposition of the great arteries (pink diamonds), left ventricle outflow tract obstruction (green circles), and single-ventricle physiology (black squares). Either the regression or quadratic line was fitted separately for each congenital heart defect (dotted lines), also as 1 line for all subjects (solid black line). R2 values reflecting the goodness of fit: VCSF, 0.27; ECSF, 0.27; VCSF:ICV, 0.14; ECSF:ICV, 0.24.
Tables
Characteristics Maternal characteristics (n = 29; fetal MRI) Maternal age (yr) 30.5 (27.8/35.3) Maternal body mass index 22.8 (20.8/23.9) Maternal smoking 3 (12%) Placental weight (g) 455 (375/510) Patient characteristics (n = 61; total study population) Female 18 (30) CHD groups SVP 21 (34) TGA 18 (30) LVOTO 22 (36) Antenatal CHD diagnosis 61 (100) Twin 1 (2) Genetic disorder 0 (0) Additional congenital anomaly 3 (5) Gestational age (wk) 39.1 (38.4/40.1) Birth weight (g) 3320 (2970/3670) Birth weight (z score) −0.4 (−0.8/0.3) Cesarean delivery 18 (31) Neonatal death 6 (10) MRI characteristics Fetal, PMA (wks) 33.4 (32.7/34.1) Preoperative, days after birth 5 (3/6) Preoperative, PMA (wks) 40.1 (39.1/41.0) Postoperative, days after surgery 8 (7/9) Postoperative, PMA (wks) 42.0 (40.6/43.0) Note:—LVOTO indicates left ventricle outflow tract obstruction; SVP, single ventricle physiology; TGA, transposition of the great arteries.
↵a Median and interquartile range or number with percentage are shown. No significant differences were seen between the primary and secondary study populations.
Fetal Volume Neonatal Preoperative Volume Postoperative Volume Ischemic Brain Injury TBVb ● ● ○ UWMb ● □ CGMb ● ■ □ CBb ■ □ UWM:TBVc ● ■ CGM:TBVc ■ CB:TBVc ● ● ■ TBV:ICVc ● ■ VCSFc ● ECSFc ● ● ■ VCSF:ICVc ■ ● ECSF:ICVc ● ■ Note:—CB indicates cerebellum.
↵a Strength of correlation of fetal and neonatal preoperative volumes (first column); fetal and neonatal postoperative volumes (second column); fetal volumes and neonatal ischemic brain injury (third column). Square indicates moderate correlation (closed square, r = 0.3–0.5; open square r = −0.5 to −0.3). Circle indicates strong correlation (closed circle, r = 0.5–0.8; open circle, r = −0.8 to−0.5).
↵b Result of linear regression analysis with correction for PMA at scanning.
↵c Result of quadratic regression analysis. Correlation coefficient and 95% CI are in the On-line Table.
