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Research ArticleSpine

Quantification of DTI in the Pediatric Spinal Cord: Application to Clinical Evaluation in a Healthy Patient Population

B.B. Reynolds, S. By, Q.R. Weinberg, A.A. Witt, A.T. Newton, H.R. Feiler, B. Ramkorun, D.B. Clayton, P. Couture, J.E. Martus, M. Adams, J.C. Wellons, S.A. Smith and A. Bhatia
American Journal of Neuroradiology July 2019, 40 (7) 1236-1241; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6104
B.B. Reynolds
fInstitute of Imaging Science (B.B.R., S.B., Q.R.W., A.A.W., A.T.N., H.R.F., B.R., S.A.S., A.B.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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  • ORCID record for B.B. Reynolds
S. By
fInstitute of Imaging Science (B.B.R., S.B., Q.R.W., A.A.W., A.T.N., H.R.F., B.R., S.A.S., A.B.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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Q.R. Weinberg
fInstitute of Imaging Science (B.B.R., S.B., Q.R.W., A.A.W., A.T.N., H.R.F., B.R., S.A.S., A.B.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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A.A. Witt
fInstitute of Imaging Science (B.B.R., S.B., Q.R.W., A.A.W., A.T.N., H.R.F., B.R., S.A.S., A.B.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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A.T. Newton
aFrom the Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences (A.T.N., P.C., S.A.S., A.B.)
cPediatrics (A.T.N.)
fInstitute of Imaging Science (B.B.R., S.B., Q.R.W., A.A.W., A.T.N., H.R.F., B.R., S.A.S., A.B.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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H.R. Feiler
fInstitute of Imaging Science (B.B.R., S.B., Q.R.W., A.A.W., A.T.N., H.R.F., B.R., S.A.S., A.B.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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B. Ramkorun
fInstitute of Imaging Science (B.B.R., S.B., Q.R.W., A.A.W., A.T.N., H.R.F., B.R., S.A.S., A.B.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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D.B. Clayton
bUrology (D.B.C., M.A.)
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P. Couture
aFrom the Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences (A.T.N., P.C., S.A.S., A.B.)
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J.E. Martus
dDivision of Pediatric Orthopaedics (J.E.M.), Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee
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M. Adams
bUrology (D.B.C., M.A.)
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J.C. Wellons III
aFrom the Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences (A.T.N., P.C., S.A.S., A.B.)
gDepartment of Ophthalmology (S.A.S., J.C.W. III), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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S.A. Smith
aFrom the Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences (A.T.N., P.C., S.A.S., A.B.)
eDepartment of Biomedical Engineering (S.A.S.)
fInstitute of Imaging Science (B.B.R., S.B., Q.R.W., A.A.W., A.T.N., H.R.F., B.R., S.A.S., A.B.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
gDepartment of Ophthalmology (S.A.S., J.C.W. III), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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A. Bhatia
aFrom the Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences (A.T.N., P.C., S.A.S., A.B.)
fInstitute of Imaging Science (B.B.R., S.B., Q.R.W., A.A.W., A.T.N., H.R.F., B.R., S.A.S., A.B.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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    Fig 1.

    Diffusion images and metrics. A, Patient's sagittal T2-weighted image with overlay shows where 2 different diffusion imaging volumes (A1 and A2) were acquired and to which region they were assigned. B, Sample DTI-derived maps for each region for the same patients as in A. B0 indicates minimally weighted diffusion image; CV, cervical; UT, upper thoracic; TL, thoracolumbar; CN, conus. Scale bars show the range of visualized values for each metric.

  • Fig 2.
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    Fig 2.

    Average regional DTI indices as a function of age. Age-related trends are shown across pediatric development for each spinal cord region and diffusion-derived index. Circles show mean DTI-derived index values for individual patients, solid lines indicate the age-related trend, and dashed lines indicate the 95% confidence interval.

Tables

  • Figures
  • ANCOVA and eta statistics

    ANCOVA/FactorSum SquareddfMean SquaredFP Valueη2Partial η2
    Axial diffusivity
        Main effects
            Age3.04513.04544.26<.0010.11690.1271
            Region1.80130.6008.72<.0010.06920.0793
        Interaction
            Age × region0.28030.0931.36.260.01080.0132
        Model error20.9173040.0690.8032
        Model totals26.044
    Radial diffusivity
        Main effects
            Age0.01410.0142.24.140.00690.0073
            Region0.10130.0345.43.0010.05010.0508
        Interaction
            Age × region0.01830.0060.94.420.00870.0092
        Model error1.8903040.0060.9344
        Model totals2.023
    Mean diffusivity
        Main effects
            Age0.27010.27016.20<.0010.04690.0506
            Region0.34630.1156.93<.0010.06020.0640
        Interaction
            Age × region0.07230.0241.44.230.01250.0140
        Model error5.0613040.0170.8804
        Model totals5.749
    Fractional anisotropy
        Main effects
            Age0.56310.56396.11<.0010.22580.2402
            Region0.11530.0386.55<.0010.04620.0607
        Interaction
            Age × region0.03430.0111.94.120.01360.0187
        Model error1.7813040.0060.7143
        Model totals2.493
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American Journal of Neuroradiology: 40 (7)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Vol. 40, Issue 7
1 Jul 2019
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Cite this article
B.B. Reynolds, S. By, Q.R. Weinberg, A.A. Witt, A.T. Newton, H.R. Feiler, B. Ramkorun, D.B. Clayton, P. Couture, J.E. Martus, M. Adams, J.C. Wellons, S.A. Smith, A. Bhatia
Quantification of DTI in the Pediatric Spinal Cord: Application to Clinical Evaluation in a Healthy Patient Population
American Journal of Neuroradiology Jul 2019, 40 (7) 1236-1241; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A6104

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Quantification of DTI in the Pediatric Spinal Cord: Application to Clinical Evaluation in a Healthy Patient Population
B.B. Reynolds, S. By, Q.R. Weinberg, A.A. Witt, A.T. Newton, H.R. Feiler, B. Ramkorun, D.B. Clayton, P. Couture, J.E. Martus, M. Adams, J.C. Wellons, S.A. Smith, A. Bhatia
American Journal of Neuroradiology Jul 2019, 40 (7) 1236-1241; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A6104
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