Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Coronal maximum intensity projection (5 mm) of a patient with obesity from the study group (BMI, 30.4 kg/m2; 70 kV) provides an overview of the evaluated artifacts (arrows) at the level of the skull base, shoulders, and venous contrast agent inflow (A). Axial examples of mild artifacts not affecting the diagnosis (Likert 3) in patients from the study (70 kV, B1–B3) and the control group (80 kV, C1–C3). Note the distinct increase at the lowest tube voltages that did not affect the rating.
- Fig 2.
CT of a 51-year-old female patient of the study group (BMI, 25.4 kg/m2): curved MPR of the right side in 3 planes; 2.5-mm slice thickness; window level, 900 HU, and center, 200 HU. High vessel contrast with excellent overall image quality (Likert 4), moderate stenosis of the internal carotid artery (NASCET 2), and artifacts from dental implants not affecting the diagnosis (Likert 2). CTDIvol was 2.92 mGy, and DLP was 108 mGy × cm.
- Fig 3.
CT imaging of a 60-year-old male patient of the control group (BMI 25.7 kg/m2) curved MPR of the right side in 3 planes; 2.5-mm slice thickness; window level, 900 HU, and center, 200 HU. Intermediate vessel contrast with excellent overall image quality (Likert 4), severe stenosis of the internal carotid artery (NASCET 3), and artifacts from dental implants not affecting the diagnosis (Likert 2). CTDIvol was 4.01 mGy, and DLP was 146 mGy × cm.
- Fig 4.
CT of a 69-year-old male patient of the control group (BMI, 31.6 kg/m2): curved MPR of the left side in 3 planes; 2.5-mm slice thickness; window level, 900 HU, and center, 200 HU. Low vessel contrast with excellent overall image quality (Likert 4), moderate stenosis of the internal carotid artery (NASCET 2), and artifacts from dental implants not affecting the diagnosis (Likert 2). The CTDIvol was 5.74 mGy, and the DLP was 202 mGy × cm.
Tables
Study Control Complete Subgroups Complete Subgroups BMI <27 BMI >27 70 kV 80 kV 90 kV No. 45 29 16 45 19 20 6 BMI (kg/m2) 25 ± 4.7 22 ± 2.7 30.4 ± 2 25.9 ± 4.1 23.6 ± 3.5 26.4 ± 3.2 31.4 ± 2.6 Ref. mAs 167 167 167 NA 167 125 104 Eff. mAs 235 ± 52 213 ± 35 274 ± 57bc NA 225 ± 26 200 ± 23 182 ± 16 CTDIvol (mGy) 2.9 ± 1 2.7 ± 0.4 3.4 ± 0.7bc 3.7 ± 1bd 2.8 ± 0.3 4.1 ± 0.4bd 5.6 ± 0.6bd DLP (mGy × cm) 107 ± 25 95 ± 15 127 ± 28bc 133 ± 47bd 96 ± 13bc 150 ± 41bd 200 ± 26bd ED (mSv) 0.56 ± 0.13 0.5 ± 0.08 0.66 ± 0.15 0.70 ± 0.24bd 0.50 ± 0.06bc 0.78 ± 0.21bd 1.04 ± 0.13bd ROI carotid A (HU) 482 ± 173 496 ± 183 457 ± 155 515 ± 172 644 ± 131bd 460 ± 115 287 ± 107bc SD (HU) 10 ± 3 10 ± 4 10 ± 2 11 ± 4bc 12 ± 4bc 11 ± 3 11 ± 3 C (HU) 419 ± 171 434 ± 183 391 ± 150 456 ± 169 581 ± 128bd 407 ± 115 224 ± 105bc SNR 52 ± 25 55 ± 27 47 ± 21 50 ± 30 64 ± 13 45 ± 15 27 ± 12bc CNR 45 ± 24 48 ± 26 40 ± 20 44 ± 28 56 ± 36 40 ± 14 21 ± 10bc CNRD (mGy−1/2) 26.9 ± 15 29.9 ± 16 22.1 ± 12 22.4 ± 17 29.7 ± 12 19.8 ± 7bc 8.8 ± 4bd ROI muscle A (HU) 63 ± 12 61 ± 12 67 ± 14 69 ± 56 64 ± 13 58 ± 11bc 63 ± 4 SD (HU) 8 ± 3 7 ± 3 10 ± 3bc 8 ± 3 8 ± 3 8 ± 3 9 ± 3 ROI air A (HU) −998 ± 7 −998 ± 5 −998 ± 4 −999 ± 5 −998 ± 5 −1000 ± 5 −1000 ± 6 SD (HU) 4 ± 2 4 ± 1 5 ± 1bc 5 ± 1 4 ± 1 4 ± 1 5 ± 1 Note:—No. indicates sample size; ED, effective dose; NA, not applicable; Ref., reference; Eff. mAs, effective mAs; A, relative attenuation.
↵a BMI-related subgroups from the study group are compared with each other; tube voltage–related subgroups of the control group are compared with the study group.
↵b Significant difference.
↵c P < .05.
↵d P < .001.
Grade Image Quality Artifacts (CM-Influx) Artifacts (Shoulder) Artifacts (Skull) Artifacts (Dental Hardware) Study Control Study Control Study Control Study Control Study Control 4 38 36 11 15 0 0 0 0 14 13 3 7 8 22 23 43 45 42 43 3 5 2 0 1 12 7 2 0 3 2 27 25 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 Note:—CM indicates contrast medium; meant are the artifacts by highly-concentrated inflowing contrast medium in the subclavian vein.
↵a Each group (n = 45).
Group Study Control Complete Subgroups Complete Subgroups BMI <27 BMI >27 70 kV 80 kV 90 kV No. 45 29 16 45 19 20 6 Right superior thyroid artery 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.2 Right lingual artery 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.9 3.5 Right facial artery 3.2 3.1 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.3 3 Left superior thyroid artery 3.4 3.2 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.2 Left lingual artery 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.3 Left facial artery 3.2 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2 Calcification, right carotid artery 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.7 Calcification, left carotid artery 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.7 Stenotic disease, right carotid artery 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.5 1.1 0.7 Stenotic disease, left carotid artery 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.1 0.8 1.2
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