Non-EPI-DWI for Detection, Disease Monitoring, and Clinical Decision-Making in Thyroid Eye Disease

References

1. 1.↵
   1. Khong JJ,
   2. McNab AA,
   3. Ebeling PR, et al

   . Pathogenesis of thyroid eye disease: review and update on molecular mechanisms. Br J Ophthalmol 2016;100:142–50 doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307399 pmid:26567024

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
2. 2.↵
   1. Tanda ML,
   2. Piantanida E,
   3. Liparulo L, et al

   . Prevalence and natural history of Graves’ orbitopathy in a large series of patients with newly diagnosed Graves’ hyperthyroidism seen at a single center. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013;98:1443–49 doi:10.1210/jc.2012-3873 pmid:23408569

   CrossRefPubMed
3. 3.↵
   1. Taylor PN,
   2. Zhang L,
   3. Lee RW, et al

   . New insights into the pathogenesis and nonsurgical management of Graves’ orbitopathy. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020;16:104–16 doi:10.1038/s41574-019-0305-4 pmid:31889140

   CrossRefPubMed
4. 4.↵
   1. Rundle FF

   . Management of exophthalmos and related ocular changes in Graves’ disease. Metabolism 1957;6:36–48 pmid:13386967

   PubMedWeb of Science
5. 5.↵
   1. Mourits MP,
   2. Koornneef L,
   3. Wiersinga WM, et al

   . Clinical criteria for the assessment of disease activity in Graves’ ophthalmopathy: a novel approach. Br J Ophthalmol 1989;73:639–44 doi:10.1136/bjo.73.8.639 pmid:2765444

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
6. 6.↵
   1. Bartalena L,
   2. Baldeschi L,
   3. Boboridis K, et al

   ; European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO). The 2016 European Thyroid Association/European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy Guidelines for the Management of Graves’ Orbitopathy. Eur Thyroid J 2016;5:9–26 doi:10.1159/000443828 pmid:27099835

   CrossRefPubMed
7. 7.↵
   1. Dolman PJ

   . Grading severity and activity in thyroid eye disease. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2018;34:S34–40 doi:10.1097/IOP.0000000000001150 pmid:29952931

   CrossRefPubMed
8. 8.↵
   1. Muller-Forell W,
   2. Kahaly GJ

   . Neuroimaging of Graves’ orbitopathy. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;26:259–71 doi:10.1016/j.beem.2011.11.009 pmid:22632363

   CrossRefPubMed
9. 9.↵
   1. Siakallis LC,
   2. Uddin JM,
   3. Miszkiel KA

   . Imaging investigation of thyroid eye disease. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2018;34:S41–51 doi:10.1097/IOP.0000000000001139 pmid:29905640

   CrossRefPubMed
10. 10.↵
    1. Cakirer S,
    2. Cakirer D,
    3. Basak M, et al

    . Evaluation of extraocular muscles in the edematous phase of Graves’ ophthalmopathy on contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed magnetic resonance imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2004;28:80–86 doi:10.1097/00004728-200401000-00013 pmid:14716237

    CrossRefPubMed
11. 11.
    1. Taoka T,
    2. Sakamoto M,
    3. Nakagawa H, et al

    . Evaluation of extraocular muscles using dynamic contrast enhanced MRI in patients with chronic thyroid orbitopathy. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2005;29:115–20 doi:10.1097/01.rct.0000146112.56194.24 pmid:15665696

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
12. 12.
    1. Sillaire I,
    2. Ravel A,
    3. Dalens H, et al

    . Graves’ ophthalmopathy: usefulness of T2 weighted muscle signal intensity. J Radiol 2003;84(2 Pt 1):139–42 pmid:12717285

    PubMed
13. 13.↵
    1. Prummel MF,
    2. Gerding MN,
    3. Zonneveld FW, et al

    . The usefulness of quantitative orbital magnetic resonance imaging in Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2001;54:205–09 doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2001.01220.x pmid:11207635

    CrossRefPubMed
14. 14.↵
    1. Abdel Razek AA,
    2. El-Hadidy M,
    3. Moawad ME, et al

    . Performance of apparent diffusion coefficient of medial and lateral rectus muscles in Graves’ orbitopathy. Neuroradiol J 2017;30:230–34 doi:10.1177/1971400917691993 pmid:28379055

    CrossRefPubMed
15. 15.↵
    1. McDonald RJ,
    2. McDonald JS,
    3. Kallmes DF, et al

    . Intracranial gadolinium deposition after contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 2015;275:772–82 doi:10.1148/radiol.15150025 pmid:25742194

    CrossRefPubMed
16. 16.↵
    1. Kilicarslan R,
    2. Alkan A,
    3. Ilhan MM, et al

    . Graves’ ophthalmopathy: the role of diffusion-weighted imaging in detecting involvement of extraocular muscles in early period of disease. Br J Radiol 2015;88:20140677 doi:10.1259/bjr.20140677 pmid:25525866

    CrossRefPubMed
17. 17.↵
    1. Politi LS,
    2. Godi C,
    3. Cammarata G, et al

    . Magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging in the evaluation of thyroid-associated orbitopathy: getting below the tip of the iceberg. Eur Radiol 2014;24:1118–26 doi:10.1007/s00330-014-3103-3 pmid:24519110

    CrossRefPubMed
18. 18.↵
    1. Khemani S,
    2. Singh A,
    3. Lingam RK, et al

    . Imaging of postoperative middle ear cholesteatoma. Clin Radiol 2011;66:760–67 doi:10.1016/j.crad.2010.12.019 pmid:21524417

    CrossRefPubMed
19. 19.↵
    1. Lingam RK,
    2. Nash R,
    3. Majithia A, et al

    . Non-echoplanar diffusion weighted imaging in the detection of post-operative middle ear cholesteatoma: navigating beyond the pitfalls to find the pearl. Insights Imaging 2016;7:669–78 doi:10.1007/s13244-016-0516-3 pmid:27558789

    CrossRefPubMed
20. 20.↵
    1. Lingam RK,
    2. Bassett P

    . A meta-analysis on the diagnostic performance of non-echoplanar diffusion-weighted imaging in detecting middle ear cholesteatoma: 10 years on. Otol Neurotol 2017;38:521–28 doi:10.1097/MAO.0000000000001353 pmid:28195998

    CrossRefPubMed
21. 21.↵
    1. Ritchie AE,
    2. Lee V,
    3. Feeney C, et al

    . Using nonechoplanar diffusion-weighted MRI to assess treatment response in active Graves orbitopathy: a novel approach with 2 case reports. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2016;32:e67–70 doi:10.1097/IOP.0000000000000248 pmid:25141074

    CrossRefPubMed
22. 22.↵
    1. Lingam RK,
    2. Mundada P,
    3. Lee V

    . Novel use of non-echo-planar diffusion weighted MRI in monitoring disease activity and treatment response in active Grave’s orbitopathy: an initial observational cohort study. Orbit 2018;37:325–30 doi:10.1080/01676830.2017.1423343 pmid:29319381

    CrossRefPubMed
23. 23.↵
    1. Wong PY,
    2. Lingam RK,
    3. Pal S, et al

    . Monitoring progression of 12 cases of non-operated middle ear cholesteatoma with non-echoplanar diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging: our experience. Otol Neurotol 2016;37:1573–76 doi:10.1097/MAO.0000000000001243 pmid:27755452

    CrossRefPubMed
24. 24.↵
    1. Nash R,
    2. Lingam RK,
    3. Chandrasekharan D, et al

    . Does non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging have a role in assisting the clinical diagnosis of cholesteatoma in selected cases? J Laryngol Otol 2018;132:207–13 doi:10.1017/S0022215118000087 pmid:29353560

    CrossRefPubMed
25. 25.↵
    1. Patel B,
    2. Hall A,
    3. Lingam R, et al

    . Using non-echoplanar diffusion weighted MRI in detecting cholesteatoma following canal wall down mastoidectomy: our experience with 20 patient episodes. J Int Adv Otol 2018;14:263–66 doi:10.5152/iao.2018.5033 pmid:30256200

    CrossRefPubMed
26. 26.↵
    1. Smith TJ

    . Pathogenesis of Graves’ orbitopathy: a 2010 update. J Endocrinol Invest 2010;33:414–21 doi:10.1007/BF03346614 pmid:20631493

    CrossRefPubMed
27. 27.↵
    1. Mawn LA,
    2. Dolman PJ,
    3. Kazim M, et al

    . Soft tissue metrics in thyroid eye disease: an International Thyroid Eye Disease Society reliability study. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2018;34:544–46 doi:10.1097/IOP.0000000000001080 pmid:29465482

    CrossRefPubMed