Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1.
Imaging and 1H-MRSI position, size, and analysis. Left images: Axial (A), coronal (B), and sagittal (C) T1-weighted MRIs from a 23-year-old male patient (No. 2 in Table 1), superimposed on the 9 × 6 × 2 cm3 LR × AP × IS VOI and the 1H-MRSI grid (thick and thin white frames) and the left hippocampus outline (transparent yellow on A). Yellow arrows on B and C indicate the level of A. Right upper image: D, Real part of the 9 × 6 (LR × AP) axial 1H spectra matrix from the VOI slice on A (level marked with yellow arrows on B and C). Spectra within the hippocampus on A are marked by the dashed yellow-filled frame. Spectra are on a common frequency and intensity scale. Right lower image: E, The 10 spectra in the frame (D) that mostly covers the left hippocampus, expanded for greater detail (black lines) and superimposed with the spectral fit (gray). Note the good signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution (mean, 8.1 [SD, 3.0] Hz line width) from the high-spatial-resolution (0.5 cm3) voxels and the fidelity of the spectral fit. SI indicates superior-inferior.
- FIG 2.
Symptoms and metabolite concentrations. Upper graph: A, Correlations between positive (psychotic) symptoms assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale18 and whole-hippocampus multivoxel average choline millimolar concentration of Cho. Lower graph: B, Same for manic symptoms measured with the Young Mania Rating Scale and whole-hippocampus average of Cho.
Tables
- Table 1:
Demographics, metabolic, and symptomatic characteristics of the 15 patients, arranged in ascending age
No. Agea Sex Disease Durationa NAAb Crb Chob Volumec 1 23 M 3 10.57 10.91 2.76 8.56 2 23 M 4 8.42 10.8 2.5 7.99 3 29 F 8 10.6 10.51 2.37 8.42 4 34 M 5 11.31 10.77 2.03 7.71 5 41 M 22 8.91 7.2 2.35 5.71 6 42 M 18 4.95 4.44 1.84 8.84 7 42 F 20 9.62 10.6 3.31 7.16 8 42 F 23 9.81 7.72 1.46 7.18 9 44 M 26 9.04 4.46 3.85 8.78 10 48 M 23 9.36 9.44 2.9 7.41 11 49 F 31 - 12.01 1.75 6.83 12 51 F 10 7.74 10.07 3.28 6.65 13 52 M 32 8.43 8.68 1.88 7.11 14 52 M 30 15.69 7.15 4.56 7.16 15 52 F 15 8.38 8.7 2.15 5.9 Mean ± SD 41.60 [10.08] 18 [10.02] 9.49 [2.35] 8.90 [2.31] 2.60 [0.86] 7.43 [0.97] No. PANSS POSa PANSS NEGb PANSS GENc YMRSd HAM-De HAM-Af 1 18.00 7.00 22.00 15.00 2.88 5.00 2 9.00 13.00 19.00 0.00 2.00 0.00 3 14.00 16.00 29.00 0.00 4.00 2.00 4 20.00 17.00 33.00 4.00 7.61 17.00 5 8.00 16.00 20.00 0.00 2.00 6 9.00 8.00 26.00 4.00 10.58 11.85 7 7.00 9.00 23.00 3.00 3.26 14.00 8 10.00 12.00 29.00 0.00 17.00 17.50 9 25.00 21.00 49.00 9.00 11.54 4.00 10 18.00 15.00 26.00 15.00 8.65 8.00 11 9.00 7.00 23.00 2.00 11.00 6.46 12 32.00 20.00 37.00 22.00 27.00 11.00 13 19.00 14.00 45.00 6.00 23.91 27.00 14 25.00 22.00 44.00 20.00 25.00 21.00 15 10.00 22.00 32.00 1.00 6.73 4.67 Mean ± SD 15.53 [7.63] 14.60 [5.28] 30.47 [9.48] 6.73 [7.64] 11.52 [8.52] 10.10 [7.88] Note:—YMRS indicates the Young Mania Rating Scale; POS, positive; NEG, negative; HAM-D, Hamilton Depression Scale; HAM-A, Hamilton Anxiety Scale; GEN, general psychopathology symptoms; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.
↵a Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; positive (psychotic).
↵b Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; negative.
↵c General psychopathology symptoms assessed with the PANSS.18
↵d Manic symptoms, measured with the Young Mania Rating Scale.20
↵e Hamilton Depression.
↵f Hamilton Anxiety Scales.
