Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1.
Image processing. Section position of the 2D phase-contrast acquisition through the BG was planned on the T1-weighted sequence (A). Mean magnitude image and determination of the ROI in which vessel detection was performed (B). Circles mark detected perforating vessels in the ROI, distinguishing between upward (blue) and downward (red) blood flow directions. Only vessels with an upward flow direction were considered (C), to ascertain inclusion of arteries only (no veins). V indicates velocity.
- FIG 2.
Blood flow velocity curves. Mean blood flow velocity curves (solid lines) over the cardiac cycle (from 0% to 100%, starting at end-diastole) are shown for participants with CAA (red) and HA (purple), compared with healthy controls (blue). The dashed lines represent 1 SD. Blood flow velocity at each of the 14 available cardiac timeframes was averaged over the group. The blood flow velocity curve of patients with HA shows a slightly different pattern than in the other groups.
- FIG 3.
Association between the PI and age. The PI was positively correlated with age in each subgroup, independent of the presence or subtype of CSVD. The Spearman correlation was used.
Tables
CAA (n = 8) HA (n = 12) Controls (n = 28) Group Difference Age (mean) (yr) 69.6 (SD, 7.3) 71.4 (SD, 9.8) 71.6 (SD, 8.0) P = .94 Female (%) 50.0 75.0 53.6 P = .79 Arterial hypertension (%) 100.0 83.3 50.0 CAA > controls P = .016b Diabetes mellitus (%) 12.5 33.3 10.7 P = .92 Hyperlipidemia (%) 50.0 75.0 39.3 P = .65 BMI (mean) (SD) (kg/m2) 26.8 (SD, 2.4) 26.9 (SD, 3.9) 24.9 (SD, 2.3) P = .08 Note:—BMI indicates body mass index
↵a The table reports the characteristics of the study participants showing mean (SD) and percentage (%), differentiating between participants with CAA and HA and controls. Differences between groups were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests as post hoc tests.
↵b Significant differences between groups.
Neuroimaging Marker of CSVD CAA (n = 8) HA (n = 12) Strictly lobar MBs 7 0 Strictly deep MBs 0 2 Mixed (deep/lobar) MBs 0 10 Presence of cSS 3 0 ICH lobar 3 0 ICH deep 0 1 Lacunes deep 2 8 EPVS (BG) 4 7 Peri-BG WMH 2 4 ↵a Reported is the number of subjects in which the relative marker of CSVD was observed.
