MRI-Based Prediction of Clinical Improvement Following Ventricular Shunt Placement for Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH): Development and Evaluation of an Integrated Multi-Sequence Machine Learning Algorithm

From the Department of Neurosurgery (OPL, KM, SS, KS, PMK) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging (ZZ, ZJ, GR, SC, JLB), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA; the Department of Electronic Engineering (ZZ), Xidian University, Xi’an, China; the Department of Neurology (YWD, LY), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China; the Department of Radiology (DK, MI, LMZ, HB) and Department of Neurology (AM), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY, USA (KM); Carina Medical, Lexington KY, USA (XF); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering (XF), University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA

From the Department of Neurosurgery (OPL, KM, SS, KS, PMK) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging (ZZ, ZJ, GR, SC, JLB), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA; the Department of Electronic Engineering (ZZ), Xidian University, Xi’an, China; the Department of Neurology (YWD, LY), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China; the Department of Radiology (DK, MI, LMZ, HB) and Department of Neurology (AM), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY, USA (KM); Carina Medical, Lexington KY, USA (XF); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering (XF), University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA

From the Department of Neurosurgery (OPL, KM, SS, KS, PMK) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging (ZZ, ZJ, GR, SC, JLB), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA; the Department of Electronic Engineering (ZZ), Xidian University, Xi’an, China; the Department of Neurology (YWD, LY), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China; the Department of Radiology (DK, MI, LMZ, HB) and Department of Neurology (AM), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY, USA (KM); Carina Medical, Lexington KY, USA (XF); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering (XF), University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA

From the Department of Neurosurgery (OPL, KM, SS, KS, PMK) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging (ZZ, ZJ, GR, SC, JLB), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA; the Department of Electronic Engineering (ZZ), Xidian University, Xi’an, China; the Department of Neurology (YWD, LY), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China; the Department of Radiology (DK, MI, LMZ, HB) and Department of Neurology (AM), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY, USA (KM); Carina Medical, Lexington KY, USA (XF); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering (XF), University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA

From the Department of Neurosurgery (OPL, KM, SS, KS, PMK) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging (ZZ, ZJ, GR, SC, JLB), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA; the Department of Electronic Engineering (ZZ), Xidian University, Xi’an, China; the Department of Neurology (YWD, LY), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China; the Department of Radiology (DK, MI, LMZ, HB) and Department of Neurology (AM), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY, USA (KM); Carina Medical, Lexington KY, USA (XF); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering (XF), University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA

From the Department of Neurosurgery (OPL, KM, SS, KS, PMK) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging (ZZ, ZJ, GR, SC, JLB), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA; the Department of Electronic Engineering (ZZ), Xidian University, Xi’an, China; the Department of Neurology (YWD, LY), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China; the Department of Radiology (DK, MI, LMZ, HB) and Department of Neurology (AM), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY, USA (KM); Carina Medical, Lexington KY, USA (XF); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering (XF), University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA

From the Department of Neurosurgery (OPL, KM, SS, KS, PMK) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging (ZZ, ZJ, GR, SC, JLB), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA; the Department of Electronic Engineering (ZZ), Xidian University, Xi’an, China; the Department of Neurology (YWD, LY), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China; the Department of Radiology (DK, MI, LMZ, HB) and Department of Neurology (AM), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY, USA (KM); Carina Medical, Lexington KY, USA (XF); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering (XF), University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA

From the Department of Neurosurgery (OPL, KM, SS, KS, PMK) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging (ZZ, ZJ, GR, SC, JLB), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA; the Department of Electronic Engineering (ZZ), Xidian University, Xi’an, China; the Department of Neurology (YWD, LY), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China; the Department of Radiology (DK, MI, LMZ, HB) and Department of Neurology (AM), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY, USA (KM); Carina Medical, Lexington KY, USA (XF); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering (XF), University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA

From the Department of Neurosurgery (OPL, KM, SS, KS, PMK) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging (ZZ, ZJ, GR, SC, JLB), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA; the Department of Electronic Engineering (ZZ), Xidian University, Xi’an, China; the Department of Neurology (YWD, LY), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China; the Department of Radiology (DK, MI, LMZ, HB) and Department of Neurology (AM), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY, USA (KM); Carina Medical, Lexington KY, USA (XF); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering (XF), University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA

From the Department of Neurosurgery (OPL, KM, SS, KS, PMK) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging (ZZ, ZJ, GR, SC, JLB), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA; the Department of Electronic Engineering (ZZ), Xidian University, Xi’an, China; the Department of Neurology (YWD, LY), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China; the Department of Radiology (DK, MI, LMZ, HB) and Department of Neurology (AM), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY, USA (KM); Carina Medical, Lexington KY, USA (XF); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering (XF), University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA

From the Department of Neurosurgery (OPL, KM, SS, KS, PMK) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging (ZZ, ZJ, GR, SC, JLB), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA; the Department of Electronic Engineering (ZZ), Xidian University, Xi’an, China; the Department of Neurology (YWD, LY), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China; the Department of Radiology (DK, MI, LMZ, HB) and Department of Neurology (AM), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY, USA (KM); Carina Medical, Lexington KY, USA (XF); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering (XF), University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA

From the Department of Neurosurgery (OPL, KM, SS, KS, PMK) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging (ZZ, ZJ, GR, SC, JLB), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA; the Department of Electronic Engineering (ZZ), Xidian University, Xi’an, China; the Department of Neurology (YWD, LY), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China; the Department of Radiology (DK, MI, LMZ, HB) and Department of Neurology (AM), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY, USA (KM); Carina Medical, Lexington KY, USA (XF); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering (XF), University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA

From the Department of Neurosurgery (OPL, KM, SS, KS, PMK) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging (ZZ, ZJ, GR, SC, JLB), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA; the Department of Electronic Engineering (ZZ), Xidian University, Xi’an, China; the Department of Neurology (YWD, LY), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China; the Department of Radiology (DK, MI, LMZ, HB) and Department of Neurology (AM), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY, USA (KM); Carina Medical, Lexington KY, USA (XF); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering (XF), University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA

From the Department of Neurosurgery (OPL, KM, SS, KS, PMK) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging (ZZ, ZJ, GR, SC, JLB), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA; the Department of Electronic Engineering (ZZ), Xidian University, Xi’an, China; the Department of Neurology (YWD, LY), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China; the Department of Radiology (DK, MI, LMZ, HB) and Department of Neurology (AM), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY, USA (KM); Carina Medical, Lexington KY, USA (XF); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering (XF), University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA

From the Department of Neurosurgery (OPL, KM, SS, KS, PMK) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging (ZZ, ZJ, GR, SC, JLB), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA; the Department of Electronic Engineering (ZZ), Xidian University, Xi’an, China; the Department of Neurology (YWD, LY), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China; the Department of Radiology (DK, MI, LMZ, HB) and Department of Neurology (AM), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY, USA (KM); Carina Medical, Lexington KY, USA (XF); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering (XF), University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA

From the Department of Neurosurgery (OPL, KM, SS, KS, PMK) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging (ZZ, ZJ, GR, SC, JLB), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA; the Department of Electronic Engineering (ZZ), Xidian University, Xi’an, China; the Department of Neurology (YWD, LY), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China; the Department of Radiology (DK, MI, LMZ, HB) and Department of Neurology (AM), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY, USA (KM); Carina Medical, Lexington KY, USA (XF); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering (XF), University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA

From the Department of Neurosurgery (OPL, KM, SS, KS, PMK) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging (ZZ, ZJ, GR, SC, JLB), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA; the Department of Electronic Engineering (ZZ), Xidian University, Xi’an, China; the Department of Neurology (YWD, LY), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China; the Department of Radiology (DK, MI, LMZ, HB) and Department of Neurology (AM), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY, USA (KM); Carina Medical, Lexington KY, USA (XF); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering (XF), University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA

From the Department of Neurosurgery (OPL, KM, SS, KS, PMK) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging (ZZ, ZJ, GR, SC, JLB), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA; the Department of Electronic Engineering (ZZ), Xidian University, Xi’an, China; the Department of Neurology (YWD, LY), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China; the Department of Radiology (DK, MI, LMZ, HB) and Department of Neurology (AM), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY, USA (KM); Carina Medical, Lexington KY, USA (XF); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering (XF), University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA

From the Department of Neurosurgery (OPL, KM, SS, KS, PMK) and Department of Diagnostic Imaging (ZZ, ZJ, GR, SC, JLB), Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence RI, USA; the Department of Electronic Engineering (ZZ), Xidian University, Xi’an, China; the Department of Neurology (YWD, LY), The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China; the Department of Radiology (DK, MI, LMZ, HB) and Department of Neurology (AM), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, USA; Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York NY, USA (KM); Carina Medical, Lexington KY, USA (XF); and the Department of Biomedical Engineering (XF), University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA