Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Dose/image versus PMMA phantom thickness curves for angiographic unit 1.
- Fig 2.
Dose/image versus PMMA phantom thickness curves for angiographic unit 2.
- Fig 3.
Position of the Gafchromic XR type R film and an example of a film after exposure.
- Fig 4.
Calibration curves for 2 different batches of Gafchromic XR type R films.
- Fig 5.
Correlation between fluoroscopy time and maximum skin dose (MSD) measured by radiochromic films on the skull in the 21 procedures.
- Fig 6.
Correlation between total dose-area product (DAP) and maximum skin dose (MSD) measured by radiochromic films on the skull in the 21 procedures.
- Fig 7.
Histogram of maximum skin dose calculated for 27 instances of embolization of cerebral aneurysms.
- Fig 8.
Sacciform aneurysm of the right carotid siphon (A) excluded with a spiral Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC) (B).
- Fig 9.
Aneurysms of the right carotid siphon (A) and the basilar artery embolized during the same session (B).
Tables
Parameter Mean 95% CI Min Max DAP (Gy*cm2) 413 343–482 81 1143 Fluoroscopy time (min) 29 23–35 3 81 Number of images 448 362–535 82 1326 Note:—CI indicates confidence interval; DAP, dose-area product.
Sample Size Mean MSD (Gy) 95% CI (Gy) Min (Gy) Max (Gy) Reference 42 1.16 0.96–1.35 0.23 3.20 This study 143 1,88 1.723–2.036 0.329 6.414 [10] 31 0.869 0.173 2.332 [11] 30* 0.77 (PA) [12] 0.78 (LAT) 522* 2.14 (PA) [13] 1.41 (LAT) 12 1.51 [14] 20 1.17 [15] 8 0.6 1.3 [16] Note:—MSD indicates maximum skin dose; CI, confidence interval; PA, posteroanterior x-ray tube; LAT, lateral x-ray tube.
* Biplane system.
Effect Approximate Threshold Dose (Gy) DAP (Gy*cm2) Time of Onset Skin Early transient erythema 2 >700 2–24 hours Main erythema reaction 6 >2100 ≈1.5 weeks Temporary epilation 3 >1100 ≈3 weeks Permanent epilation 7 >2400 ≈3 weeks Note:—DAP indicates dose-area product.
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