Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
T2 hyperintensity of the WM adjacent to the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles (arrows) in a 9-year-old girl referred for MR imaging for episodes of hypersomnia. This is often observed as an isolated finding in children with otherwise normal MR imaging examination and was indicated in the training session to represent a borderline or normal finding to the 3 observers and not to be marked as abnormal T2 hyperintensity.
- Fig 2.
Results of the visual assessment by the 3 observers of T2 hyperintensities in 100 MR imaging examinations.
- Fig 3.
Abnormal focal T2 hyperintensity (arrows) consistent with focal cortical dysplasia type II in the right fusiform gyrus of a 10-year-old boy with partial epilepsy. All 3 observers judged that the abnormal T2 hyperintensity was more conspicuous in FLAIR-VISTA (B–D) than in axial 2D-FLAIR (A).
- Fig 4.
Abnormal focal T2 hyperintensity corresponding to pathologically verified recurrence of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor in the left parietal-occipital region of a 10-year-old boy. Two observers judged that the abnormal T2 hyperintensity was more conspicuous in FLAIR-VISTA (B–D) than in axial 2D-FLAIR (A), whereas 1 observer judged that the conspicuity was similar.
- Fig 5.
Abnormal focal T2 hyperintensity consistent with mesial temporal sclerosis in both hippocampi of a 13-year-old boy with partial epilepsy, which followed an acute encephalopathy of undefined etiology. The abnormal focal hyperintensity was judged to be present (and more conspicuous on FLAIR-VISTA) by 2 observers, whereas 1 observer did not report it. Note the marked diffuse T2 hyperintensity of the thickened skull in 2D-FLAIR (A), which is not present on axial (B) and coronal (C) reformatted images of FLAIR-VISTA with fat suppression.
Tables
- Table 1:
Patient demographic characteristics, number of MRI examinations under sedation, and clinical indications in the training and test sets
Training Set Test Set No. 20 100 Age (mean) (range) (yr) 9 ± 6.5, 2–17 9 ± 7, 2–18 Sex Female, n = 10; male, n = 10 Female, n = 45; male, n = 55 No. of sedations 8 34 Clinical indications Epilepsy 9 40 Postsurgery for tumor or epilepsy 3 13 Headache – 12 Malformation – 5 Perinatal damage 1 2 Others 7 28 MRI Diagnosis No. Presence of Abnormal T2 Hyperintensity None 4 – WM UBOs 4 4 Leukoencephalopathy 2 2 Focal cortical dysplasia 1 1 Neuronal migration disorders 1 – UBOs, neurofibromatosis type 1 1 1 Tuber in tuberous sclerosis 1 1 Multiple sclerosis plaques 1 1 Brain infarct – – Intra-axial tumor – – Postsurgical tumor evaluation 3 3 Myelination delay 1 1 Brain malformations – – Others 1 1 Note:—UBOs indicates unidentified bright objects.
MRI Diagnosis No. Presence of Abnormal T2 Hyperintensity None 28 – WM UBOs 22 22 Leukoencephalopathy 9 9 Focal cortical dysplasia 4 4 Neuronal migration disorders 1 – UBOs, neurofibromatosis type 1 2 2 Tuber in tuberous sclerosis 1 1 Multiple sclerosis plaques – – Brain infarct 3 3 Intra-axial tumor 2 2 Postsurgical tumor evaluation 11 11 Myelination delay 2 2 Brain malformations 5 – Others 10 10 Note:—UBOs indicates unidentified bright objects.
Observers 1 and 2 Observers 1 and 3 Observers 2 and 3 Mean Value Presence of abnormal T2 hyperintensities of the brain (n = 100) 0.69 0.49 0.64 0.61 Conspicuity of abnormal T2 hyperintensities in FLAIR-VISTA vs 2D-FLAIR (n = 23) 0.27 0.38 0.23 0.29
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