Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Histograms illustrating caspase-3 activation (A) and lipid peroxidation (B) before and after catheter infusion. MNCs were infused at 2 mL/min through an Excelsior SL-10 catheter and then assessed for lipid peroxidation at 3 hours and caspase-3 activity at 24 hours after catheterization. Data are mean ± SD of 5 determinations in each experimental group.
- Fig 2.
Caspase-3 activation after exposure to Omnipaque (iohexol) and heparin. MNCs were exposed to either Omnipaque, low-concentration heparin (2.5 U/mL) typically used for endovascular procedures, high-concentration heparin (500 U/mL), or saline for 1 hour. MNCs were then assessed for caspase-3 activation at 24 hours. There were no significant differences between saline-treated cells and Omnipaque-treated cells or low-dose-heparin–treated cells. However, high-dose heparin did significantly increase caspase-3 activation. The asterisk indicates P < .05. Data are mean ± SD of 5 determinations in each experimental group.
- Fig 3.
The effect of catheterization on cytokine release of MNCs. Human MNCs were passed through an Excelsior SL-10 catheter at a rate of 2 mL/min and then were cultured in media for 24 hours. The media were assayed for cytokine levels (N-Cath). This group was compared with MNCs that were not catheterized (N-Cont). A second group of MNCs was catheterized as described, then exposed to hypoxia for 3 hours, and cultured in media for 24 hours. Cytokines in the media were quantified (Cath-Hypo). A−C, This group was compared with control MNCs not catheterized but exposed to hypoxia for 3 hours and cultured for 24 hours (N-Hypo). IL-10 (A), IGF-1 (B), and VEGF (C) were quantified by ELISA. Cytokines were estimated from 100-μL MNC supernatants. There was a significant increase (P < .05) in cytokine release from cells exposed to hypoxia compared with cells exposed to normoxia. Catheterization did not affect cytokine levels from normoxic- or hypoxic-treated cells. Data are mean ± SD of 5 determinations in each experimental group. The asterisk indicates P < .05.
Tables
Percentage viability of MNCs after passage through a catheter
Flow Rate (mL/min) Viability (%) 0.5 99 ± 2 1 99 ± 2 2 99 ± 2 5 80 ± 5
