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Research ArticleBrain
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The Effect of Transcatheter Injections on Cell Viability and Cytokine Release of Mononuclear Cells

R. El Khoury, V. Misra, S. Sharma, C.S. Cox, P. Walker, J.C. Grotta, A. Gee, S. Suzuki and S.I. Savitz
American Journal of Neuroradiology September 2010, 31 (8) 1488-1492; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A2092
R. El Khoury
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V. Misra
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S. Sharma
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C.S. Cox
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P. Walker
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J.C. Grotta
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A. Gee
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S. Suzuki
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S.I. Savitz
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    Fig 1.

    Histograms illustrating caspase-3 activation (A) and lipid peroxidation (B) before and after catheter infusion. MNCs were infused at 2 mL/min through an Excelsior SL-10 catheter and then assessed for lipid peroxidation at 3 hours and caspase-3 activity at 24 hours after catheterization. Data are mean ± SD of 5 determinations in each experimental group.

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    Fig 2.

    Caspase-3 activation after exposure to Omnipaque (iohexol) and heparin. MNCs were exposed to either Omnipaque, low-concentration heparin (2.5 U/mL) typically used for endovascular procedures, high-concentration heparin (500 U/mL), or saline for 1 hour. MNCs were then assessed for caspase-3 activation at 24 hours. There were no significant differences between saline-treated cells and Omnipaque-treated cells or low-dose-heparin–treated cells. However, high-dose heparin did significantly increase caspase-3 activation. The asterisk indicates P < .05. Data are mean ± SD of 5 determinations in each experimental group.

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    Fig 3.

    The effect of catheterization on cytokine release of MNCs. Human MNCs were passed through an Excelsior SL-10 catheter at a rate of 2 mL/min and then were cultured in media for 24 hours. The media were assayed for cytokine levels (N-Cath). This group was compared with MNCs that were not catheterized (N-Cont). A second group of MNCs was catheterized as described, then exposed to hypoxia for 3 hours, and cultured in media for 24 hours. Cytokines in the media were quantified (Cath-Hypo). A−C, This group was compared with control MNCs not catheterized but exposed to hypoxia for 3 hours and cultured for 24 hours (N-Hypo). IL-10 (A), IGF-1 (B), and VEGF (C) were quantified by ELISA. Cytokines were estimated from 100-μL MNC supernatants. There was a significant increase (P < .05) in cytokine release from cells exposed to hypoxia compared with cells exposed to normoxia. Catheterization did not affect cytokine levels from normoxic- or hypoxic-treated cells. Data are mean ± SD of 5 determinations in each experimental group. The asterisk indicates P < .05.

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  • Percentage viability of MNCs after passage through a catheter

    Flow Rate (mL/min)Viability (%)
    0.599 ± 2
    199 ± 2
    299 ± 2
    580 ± 5
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American Journal of Neuroradiology: 31 (8)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Vol. 31, Issue 8
1 Sep 2010
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R. El Khoury, V. Misra, S. Sharma, C.S. Cox, P. Walker, J.C. Grotta, A. Gee, S. Suzuki, S.I. Savitz
The Effect of Transcatheter Injections on Cell Viability and Cytokine Release of Mononuclear Cells
American Journal of Neuroradiology Sep 2010, 31 (8) 1488-1492; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A2092

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The Effect of Transcatheter Injections on Cell Viability and Cytokine Release of Mononuclear Cells
R. El Khoury, V. Misra, S. Sharma, C.S. Cox, P. Walker, J.C. Grotta, A. Gee, S. Suzuki, S.I. Savitz
American Journal of Neuroradiology Sep 2010, 31 (8) 1488-1492; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A2092
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