Brain Maturation Patterns on Normalized FLAIR MR Imaging in Children and Adolescents

K. Chan; A. Ghazvanchahi; D. Rabba; L. Vidarsson; M.W. Wagner; B.B. Ertl-Wagner; A. Khademi

doi:10.3174/ajnr.A7966

Research ArticlePediatrics

Open Access

Brain Maturation Patterns on Normalized FLAIR MR Imaging in Children and Adolescents

K. Chan, A. Ghazvanchahi, D. Rabba, L. Vidarsson, M.W. Wagner, B.B. Ertl-Wagner and A. Khademi

American Journal of Neuroradiology September 2023, 44 (9) 1077-1083; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7966

K. Chan

aFrom the Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering (K.C., A.G., D.R., A.K.), Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

bInstitute for Biomedical Engineering, Science Tech (iBEST) (K.C., A.G., D.R., A.K.), a Partnership between St. Michael's Hospital and Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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A. Ghazvanchahi

aFrom the Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering (K.C., A.G., D.R., A.K.), Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

bInstitute for Biomedical Engineering, Science Tech (iBEST) (K.C., A.G., D.R., A.K.), a Partnership between St. Michael's Hospital and Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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D. Rabba

aFrom the Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering (K.C., A.G., D.R., A.K.), Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

bInstitute for Biomedical Engineering, Science Tech (iBEST) (K.C., A.G., D.R., A.K.), a Partnership between St. Michael's Hospital and Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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L. Vidarsson

dDepartment of Diagnostic Imaging (L.V., M.W.W., B.B.E.-W.), Division of Neuroradiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

eDepartment of Medical Imaging (L.V., M.W.W., B.B.E.-W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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M.W. Wagner

dDepartment of Diagnostic Imaging (L.V., M.W.W., B.B.E.-W.), Division of Neuroradiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

eDepartment of Medical Imaging (L.V., M.W.W., B.B.E.-W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

fDepartment of Neurology (M.W.W.), University Hospital Ausburg, Ausburg, Germany

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B.B. Ertl-Wagner

dDepartment of Diagnostic Imaging (L.V., M.W.W., B.B.E.-W.), Division of Neuroradiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

eDepartment of Medical Imaging (L.V., M.W.W., B.B.E.-W.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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A. Khademi

aFrom the Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering (K.C., A.G., D.R., A.K.), Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

bInstitute for Biomedical Engineering, Science Tech (iBEST) (K.C., A.G., D.R., A.K.), a Partnership between St. Michael's Hospital and Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

cKeenan Research Center for Biomedical Science (A.K.), St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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FIG 1.
Image-processing pipeline for measuring FLAIR intensity biomarkers.
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FIG 2.
Samples from different age ranges (original images, A) and images after intensity normalization (B). Approximate middle section taken from each subject.
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FIG 3.
Fitted curves of mean normalized intensity by age per tissue region for all 429 healthy pediatric patients.
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FIG 4.
Mean intensity (left) and P value heatmap for intensity comparison for 2 age groups (right) for GM (upper row) and WM (lower row).
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FIG 5.
Volume versus intensity for GM, WM, cGM, and dGM. Regression is performed for 4 age groups. ICV indicates intracranial volume.

Tables

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Cohort summary
Age Group (yr) Total Percentage Female
2–4 30 42.9
4–6 39 43.2
6–8 41 37.5
8–10 59 58.5
10–12 73 46.8
12–14 67 53.5
14–16 68 69.0
16–18.2 52 59.3

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K. Chan, A. Ghazvanchahi, D. Rabba, L. Vidarsson, M.W. Wagner, B.B. Ertl-Wagner, A. Khademi

Brain Maturation Patterns on Normalized FLAIR MR Imaging in Children and Adolescents

American Journal of Neuroradiology Sep 2023, 44 (9) 1077-1083; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A7966

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Brain Maturation Patterns on Normalized FLAIR MRI

K. Chan, A. Ghazvanchahi, D. Rabba, L. Vidarsson, M.W. Wagner, B.B. Ertl-Wagner, A. Khademi

American Journal of Neuroradiology Sep 2023, 44 (9) 1077-1083; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A7966

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Age Group (yr)	Total	Percentage Female
2–4	30	42.9
4–6	39	43.2
6–8	41	37.5
8–10	59	58.5
10–12	73	46.8
12–14	67	53.5
14–16	68	69.0
16–18.2	52	59.3